Chapter 4 Diversity analysis
genome_counts_filt <- genome_counts_filt %>%
column_to_rownames(var = "genome") %>%
filter(rowSums(. != 0, na.rm = TRUE) > 0)%>%
select(where(~ sum(.) > 0)) %>%
select(-AC85) %>%
rownames_to_column(., "genome")
genome_tree <- keep.tip(genome_tree, tip=genome_counts_filt$genome)
table <- genome_counts_filt %>%
t() %>%
row_to_names(row_number = 1) %>%
as.data.frame() %>%
mutate_if(is.character,as.numeric) %>%
rownames_to_column(., "sample")
master_table <- sample_metadata %>%
mutate(sample=Tube_code) %>%
mutate(Tube_code=str_remove_all(Tube_code, "_a")) %>%
filter(Tube_code %in% table$sample) %>%
mutate(treatment = sub("^\\d+_", "", time_point))%>%
left_join(., table, by=join_by("Tube_code" =="sample"))
sample_metadata <- master_table %>%
select(1:13)
genome_counts_filt <- master_table %>%
select(12,14:323) %>%
t() %>%
row_to_names(row_number = 1) %>%
as.data.frame() %>%
mutate_if(is.character,as.numeric) %>%
filter(rowSums(. != 0, na.rm = TRUE) > 0)%>%
dplyr::select(where(~ !all(. == 0)))%>%
rownames_to_column(., "genome")
genome_counts_filtering <- master_table %>%
select(12,14:323) %>%
t() %>%
row_to_names(row_number = 1) %>%
as.data.frame() %>%
mutate_if(is.character,as.numeric) %>%
filter(rowSums(. != 0, na.rm = TRUE) > 0)%>%
dplyr::select(where(~ !all(. == 0)))
genome_tree <- keep.tip(genome_tree, tip=genome_counts_filt$genome)
#match_data(genome_counts_filtering,genome_tree)
genome_metadata <- genome_metadata %>%
filter(genome %in% genome_counts_filt$genome)4.1 Calculate diversities
4.1.1 Alpha diversity
# Calculate Hill numbers
richness <- genome_counts_filt %>%
column_to_rownames(var = "genome") %>%
dplyr::select(where(~ !all(. == 0))) %>%
hilldiv(., q = 0) %>%
t() %>%
as.data.frame() %>%
dplyr::rename(richness = 1) %>%
rownames_to_column(var = "sample")
neutral <- genome_counts_filt %>%
column_to_rownames(var = "genome") %>%
dplyr::select(where(~ !all(. == 0))) %>%
hilldiv(., q = 1) %>%
t() %>%
as.data.frame() %>%
dplyr::rename(neutral = 1) %>%
rownames_to_column(var = "sample")
phylogenetic <- genome_counts_filt %>%
column_to_rownames(var = "genome") %>%
dplyr::select(where(~ !all(. == 0))) %>%
hilldiv(., q = 1, tree = genome_tree) %>%
t() %>%
as.data.frame() %>%
dplyr::rename(phylogenetic = 1) %>%
rownames_to_column(var = "sample")
genome_gifts1 <- genome_gifts[genome_counts_filt$genome,]
genome_gifts1 <- genome_gifts1[, colSums(genome_gifts1 != 0) > 0]
genome_counts_filt1 <- genome_counts_filt[genome_counts_filt$genome %in% rownames(genome_gifts1),]
genome_counts_filt1 <- genome_counts_filt1 %>%
remove_rownames() %>%
column_to_rownames(var = "genome") %>%
filter(rowSums(. != 0, na.rm = TRUE) > 0) %>%
rownames_to_column(., "genome")
# Merge all metrics
alpha_div <- richness %>%
full_join(neutral, by = join_by(sample == sample)) %>%
full_join(phylogenetic, by = join_by(sample == sample))4.1.2 Beta diversity
beta_q0n <- genome_counts_filt %>%
column_to_rownames(., "genome") %>%
filter(rowSums(. != 0, na.rm = TRUE) > 0) %>%
select_if(~!all(. == 0)) %>%
hillpair(., q = 0)
beta_q1n <- genome_counts_filt %>%
column_to_rownames(., "genome") %>%
filter(rowSums(. != 0, na.rm = TRUE) > 0) %>%
select_if(~!all(. == 0)) %>%
hillpair(., q = 1)
beta_q1p <- genome_counts_filt %>%
column_to_rownames(., "genome") %>%
filter(rowSums(. != 0, na.rm = TRUE) > 0) %>%
select_if(~!all(. == 0)) %>%
hillpair(., q = 1, tree = genome_tree)
genome_gifts1 <- genome_gifts[genome_counts_filt$genome,]
genome_gifts1 <- genome_gifts1[, colSums(genome_gifts1 != 0) > 0]
genome_counts_filt1 <- genome_counts_filt[genome_counts_filt$genome %in% rownames(genome_gifts1),]4.2 Does captivity change the microbial community?
alpha_div_meta <- alpha_div %>%
left_join(sample_metadata, by = join_by(sample == sample))%>%
filter(Population == "Cold_wet" & time_point %in% c("Acclimation", "Wild") ) 4.2.1 Alpha diversity
alpha_div %>%
pivot_longer(-sample, names_to = "metric", values_to = "value") %>%
left_join(., sample_metadata, by = "sample") %>%
mutate(metric=factor(metric,levels=c("richness", "neutral", "phylogenetic"))) %>%
filter(Population == "Cold_wet" & time_point %in% c("Acclimation", "Wild") ) %>%
ggplot(aes(y = value, x = time_point, color=time_point, fill=time_point)) +
geom_jitter(width = 0.2, show.legend = FALSE) +
geom_boxplot(width = 0.5, alpha=0.5, outlier.shape = NA, show.legend = FALSE) +
scale_color_manual(values=treatment_colors)+
scale_fill_manual(values=treatment_colors) +
theme_classic() +
theme(
strip.background = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor.x = element_line(size = .1, color = "grey"),
axis.title.x = element_blank(),
axis.title.y = element_text(size=10),
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1),
# Increase plot size
plot.title = element_text(size = 10),
axis.text = element_text(size = 8),
axis.title = element_text(size = 8)
) +
ylab("Alpha diversity")
Richness
Modelq0GLMMNB <- glmer.nb(richness ~ time_point+(1|individual), data = alpha_div_meta)
summary(Modelq0GLMMNB)Generalized linear mixed model fit by maximum likelihood (Laplace Approximation) ['glmerMod']
Family: Negative Binomial(7.7073) ( log )
Formula: richness ~ time_point + (1 | individual)
Data: alpha_div_meta
AIC BIC logLik deviance df.resid
341.1 347.3 -166.5 333.1 31
Scaled residuals:
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-1.88922 -0.29613 0.04659 0.45757 1.21930
Random effects:
Groups Name Variance Std.Dev.
individual (Intercept) 0.1706 0.413
Number of obs: 35, groups: individual, 18
Fixed effects:
Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 3.7578 0.1394 26.952 < 2e-16 ***
time_pointWild 0.4405 0.1344 3.278 0.00104 **
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Correlation of Fixed Effects:
(Intr)
time_pntWld -0.528$emmeans
time_point emmean SE df asymp.LCL asymp.UCL
Acclimation 3.76 0.139 Inf 3.48 4.03
Wild 4.20 0.133 Inf 3.94 4.46
Results are given on the log (not the response) scale.
Confidence level used: 0.95
$contrasts
contrast estimate SE df z.ratio p.value
Acclimation - Wild -0.441 0.134 Inf -3.278 0.0010
Results are given on the log (not the response) scale. Neutral
Model_neutral <- lme(fixed = neutral ~ time_point, data = alpha_div_meta,
random = ~ 1 | individual)
summary(Model_neutral)Linear mixed-effects model fit by REML
Data: alpha_div_meta
AIC BIC logLik
258.7499 264.7359 -125.3749
Random effects:
Formula: ~1 | individual
(Intercept) Residual
StdDev: 8.169821 7.178626
Fixed effects: neutral ~ time_point
Value Std.Error DF t-value p-value
(Intercept) 19.83867 2.614283 17 7.588570 0
time_pointWild 16.81743 2.447303 16 6.871819 0
Correlation:
(Intr)
time_pointWild -0.489
Standardized Within-Group Residuals:
Min Q1 Med Q3 Max
-1.52249490 -0.58253918 -0.03654144 0.58990396 1.40500371
Number of Observations: 35
Number of Groups: 18 Phylogenetic
Model_phylo <- lme(fixed = phylogenetic ~ time_point, data = alpha_div_meta,
random = ~ 1 | individual)
summary(Model_phylo)Linear mixed-effects model fit by REML
Data: alpha_div_meta
AIC BIC logLik
129.9486 135.9346 -60.9743
Random effects:
Formula: ~1 | individual
(Intercept) Residual
StdDev: 0.6826651 1.252366
Fixed effects: phylogenetic ~ time_point
Value Std.Error DF t-value p-value
(Intercept) 5.368277 0.3454342 17 15.540667 0.0000
time_pointWild -0.135768 0.4249336 16 -0.319504 0.7535
Correlation:
(Intr)
time_pointWild -0.637
Standardized Within-Group Residuals:
Min Q1 Med Q3 Max
-2.18050022 -0.47485140 0.08030429 0.37904332 1.82607719
Number of Observations: 35
Number of Groups: 18 4.2.2 Beta diversity
samples_to_keep <- sample_metadata %>%
filter(Population == "Cold_wet" & time_point %in% c("Acclimation", "Wild")) %>%
select(Tube_code) %>%
pull()
subset_meta <- sample_metadata %>%
filter(Population == "Cold_wet" & time_point %in% c("Acclimation", "Wild"))Richness
richness <- as.matrix(beta_q0n$S)
richness <- as.dist(richness[rownames(richness) %in% samples_to_keep,
colnames(richness) %in% samples_to_keep])
betadisper(richness, subset_meta$time_point) %>% permutest(.)
Permutation test for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions
Permutation: free
Number of permutations: 999
Response: Distances
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F N.Perm Pr(>F)
Groups 1 0.07277 0.072771 7.2819 999 0.012 *
Residuals 33 0.32979 0.009993
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1adonis2(richness ~ time_point,
data = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(Tube_code,labels(richness))),
permutations = 999,
strata = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(Tube_code,labels(richness))) %>% pull(individual)) %>%
broom::tidy() %>%
tt()| term | df | SumOfSqs | R2 | statistic | p.value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | 1 | 0.5295984 | 0.05492497 | 1.917862 | 0.001 |
| Residual | 33 | 9.1126169 | 0.94507503 | NA | NA |
| Total | 34 | 9.6422153 | 1.00000000 | NA | NA |
Neutral
neutral <- as.matrix(beta_q1n$S)
neutral <- as.dist(neutral[rownames(neutral) %in% samples_to_keep,
colnames(neutral) %in% samples_to_keep])
betadisper(neutral, subset_meta$time_point) %>% permutest(.)
Permutation test for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions
Permutation: free
Number of permutations: 999
Response: Distances
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F N.Perm Pr(>F)
Groups 1 0.02764 0.027637 2.2078 999 0.128
Residuals 33 0.41309 0.012518 adonis2(neutral ~ time_point,
data = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(Tube_code,labels(neutral))),
permutations = 999,
strata = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(Tube_code,labels(neutral))) %>% pull(individual)) %>%
broom::tidy() %>%
tt()| term | df | SumOfSqs | R2 | statistic | p.value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | 1 | 0.7470135 | 0.08504426 | 3.067318 | 0.001 |
| Residual | 33 | 8.0368067 | 0.91495574 | NA | NA |
| Total | 34 | 8.7838201 | 1.00000000 | NA | NA |
Phylogenetic
phylo <- as.matrix(beta_q1p$S)
phylo <- as.dist(phylo[rownames(phylo) %in% samples_to_keep,
colnames(phylo) %in% samples_to_keep])
betadisper(phylo, subset_meta$time_point) %>% permutest(.)
Permutation test for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions
Permutation: free
Number of permutations: 999
Response: Distances
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F N.Perm Pr(>F)
Groups 1 0.04119 0.041187 2.897 999 0.089 .
Residuals 33 0.46917 0.014217
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1adonis2(phylo ~ time_point,
data = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(Tube_code,labels(phylo))),
permutations = 999,
strata = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(Tube_code,labels(phylo))) %>% pull(individual)) %>%
broom::tidy() %>%
tt()| term | df | SumOfSqs | R2 | statistic | p.value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | 1 | 0.2075719 | 0.1133094 | 4.217042 | 0.001 |
| Residual | 33 | 1.6243310 | 0.8866906 | NA | NA |
| Total | 34 | 1.8319029 | 1.0000000 | NA | NA |
4.2.3 Structural zeros
wild_samples <- sample_metadata %>%
filter(Population == "Cold_wet" & time_point == "Wild") %>%
dplyr::select(sample) %>%
pull()
acclimation_samples <- sample_metadata %>%
filter(Population == "Cold_wet" & time_point == "Acclimation") %>%
dplyr::select(sample) %>% pull()
structural_zeros <- genome_counts_filt %>%
select(one_of(c("genome",subset_meta$sample))) %>%
filter(rowSums(across(where(is.numeric), ~ . != 0)) > 0) %>%
select(genome, where(~ is.numeric(.) && sum(.) > 0)) %>%
rowwise() %>% #compute for each row (genome)
mutate(all_zeros_wild = all(c_across(all_of(wild_samples)) == 0)) %>%
mutate(all_zeros_acclimation= all(c_across(all_of(acclimation_samples)) == 0)) %>%
mutate(average_wild = mean(c_across(all_of(wild_samples)), na.rm = TRUE)) %>%
mutate(average_acclimation = mean(c_across(all_of(acclimation_samples)), na.rm = TRUE)) %>%
filter(all_zeros_wild == TRUE || all_zeros_acclimation==TRUE) %>%
mutate(present = case_when(
all_zeros_wild & !all_zeros_acclimation ~ "acclimation",
!all_zeros_wild & all_zeros_acclimation ~ "wild",
!all_zeros_wild & !all_zeros_acclimation ~ "None",
TRUE ~ NA_character_
)) %>%
mutate(average = ifelse(present == "acclimation", average_wild, average_acclimation)) %>%
dplyr::select(genome, present, average) %>%
left_join(genome_metadata, by=join_by(genome==genome)) %>%
arrange(present,-average)Wild
structural_zeros %>%
filter(present=="wild") %>%
count(phylum, name = "sample_count") %>%
arrange(desc(sample_count)) # A tibble: 5 × 2
# Rowwise:
phylum sample_count
<chr> <int>
1 p__Bacillota_A 7
2 p__Bacillota 1
3 p__Bacillota_B 1
4 p__Bacteroidota 1
5 p__Spirochaetota 1Acclimation
# A tibble: 14 × 7
# Rowwise:
genome phylum class order family genus species
<chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr>
1 AH1_2nd_12:bin_000001 p__Pseudomonadota c__Gammaproteobacteria o__Pseudomonadales f__Moraxellaceae g__Acinetobacter s__Acinetobacter johnsonii
2 AH1_2nd_15:bin_000001 p__Pseudomonadota c__Alphaproteobacteria o__Rhizobiales f__Rhizobiaceae g__Agrobacterium s__Agrobacterium tumefaciens_H
3 AH1_2nd_17:bin_000010 p__Bacteroidota c__Bacteroidia o__Bacteroidales f__Rikenellaceae g__Mucinivorans s__
4 AH1_2nd_17:bin_000038 p__Bacteroidota c__Bacteroidia o__Bacteroidales f__Bacteroidaceae g__Bacteroides_G s__
5 AH1_2nd_20:bin_000014 p__Pseudomonadota c__Gammaproteobacteria o__Enterobacterales f__Enterobacteriaceae g__Citrobacter s__Citrobacter portucalensis
6 AH1_2nd_20:bin_000061 p__Bacillota c__Bacilli o__Lactobacillales f__Enterococcaceae g__Enterococcus s__
7 AH1_2nd_20:bin_000073 p__Bacillota c__Bacilli o__Lactobacillales f__Enterococcaceae g__Enterococcus s__Enterococcus sp002174455
8 LI1_2nd_10:bin_000001 p__Bacillota c__Bacilli o__Lactobacillales f__Enterococcaceae g__Enterococcus_A s__Enterococcus_A raffinosus
9 LI1_2nd_10:bin_000017 p__Chlamydiota c__Chlamydiia o__Chlamydiales f__Chlamydiaceae g__ s__
10 LI1_2nd_2:bin_000039 p__Bacillota_A c__Clostridia o__TANB77 f__CAG-508 g__ s__
11 LI1_2nd_7:bin_000045 p__Bacillota_A c__Clostridia o__Oscillospirales f__Acutalibacteraceae g__ s__
12 LI1_2nd_7:bin_000074 p__Pseudomonadota c__Gammaproteobacteria o__Enterobacterales f__Enterobacteriaceae g__Escherichia s__Escherichia coli
13 LI1_2nd_8:bin_000030 p__Actinomycetota c__Actinomycetia o__Mycobacteriales f__Mycobacteriaceae g__Corynebacterium s__
14 LI1_2nd_8:bin_000079 p__Pseudomonadota c__Gammaproteobacteria o__Enterobacterales f__Enterobacteriaceae g__Citrobacter_A s__Citrobacter_A amalonaticus Community elements differences in structural zeros
element_gift <- GIFTs_elements_community %>%
as.data.frame() %>%
rownames_to_column(., "sample") %>%
left_join(., sample_metadata[c(12,13)], by=join_by("sample"=="sample"))uniqueGIFT_db<- unique(GIFT_db[c(2,4,5,6)]) %>% unite("Function",Function:Element, sep= "_", remove=FALSE)
element_gift %>%
pivot_longer(-c(sample,treatment), names_to = "trait", values_to = "value") %>%
group_by(trait) %>%
summarise(p_value = wilcox.test(value ~ treatment)$p.value) %>%
mutate(p_adjust=p.adjust(p_value, method="BH")) %>%
filter(p_adjust < 0.05)# A tibble: 35 × 3
trait p_value p_adjust
<chr> <dbl> <dbl>
1 B0214 0.000261 0.00340
2 B0219 0.00164 0.0111
3 B0302 0.000198 0.00284
4 B0703 0.00306 0.0182
5 B0709 0.000103 0.00284
6 B0712 0.000551 0.00561
7 B0801 0.000198 0.00284
8 B1012 0.00136 0.0102
9 B1028 0.00000837 0.000599
10 D0102 0.00131 0.0102
# ℹ 25 more rows4.2.4 Differential abundance analysis: composition
phylo_samples <- sample_metadata %>%
filter(Population == "Cold_wet" & time_point %in% c("Wild", "Acclimation") )%>%
column_to_rownames("sample") %>%
sample_data()
phylo_genome <- genome_counts_filt %>%
filter(!genome %in% structural_zeros$genome) %>%
select(one_of(c("genome",rownames(phylo_samples)))) %>%
filter(rowSums(across(where(is.numeric), ~ . != 0)) > 0) %>%
select(genome, where(~ is.numeric(.) && sum(.) > 0)) %>%
column_to_rownames("genome") %>%
otu_table(., taxa_are_rows = TRUE)
phylo_taxonomy <- genome_metadata %>%
filter(genome %in% rownames(phylo_genome)) %>%
column_to_rownames("genome") %>%
dplyr::select(domain,phylum,class,order,family,genus,species) %>%
as.matrix() %>%
tax_table()
physeq_genome_filtered <- phyloseq(phylo_genome, phylo_taxonomy, phylo_samples)ancom_rand_output = ancombc2(data = physeq_genome_filtered,
assay_name = "counts",
tax_level = NULL,
fix_formula = "time_point",
rand_formula = "(1|individual)",
p_adj_method = "holm",
pseudo_sens = TRUE,
prv_cut =0,
lib_cut = 0,
s0_perc = 0.05,
group = NULL,
struc_zero = FALSE,
neg_lb = FALSE,
alpha = 0.05,
n_cl = 2,
verbose = TRUE,
global = FALSE,
pairwise = FALSE,
dunnet = FALSE,
trend = FALSE,
iter_control = list(tol = 1e-5, max_iter = 20, verbose = FALSE),
em_control = list(tol = 1e-5, max_iter = 100),
lme_control = lme4::lmerControl(),
mdfdr_control = list(fwer_ctrl_method = "holm", B = 100),
trend_control = NULL)taxonomy <- data.frame(physeq_genome_filtered@tax_table) %>%
rownames_to_column(., "taxon") %>%
mutate_at(vars(order, phylum, family, genus, species), ~ str_replace(., "[dpcofgs]__", ""))
ancombc_rand_table_mag <- ancom_rand_output$res %>%
dplyr::select(taxon, lfc_time_point1_Acclimation, p_time_point1_Acclimation) %>%
filter(p_time_point1_Acclimation < 0.05) %>%
dplyr::arrange(p_time_point1_Acclimation) %>%
merge(., taxonomy, by="taxon") %>%
mutate_at(vars(phylum, species), ~ str_replace(., "[dpcofgs]__", ""))%>%
dplyr::arrange(lfc_time_point1_Acclimation)
colors_alphabetic <- read_tsv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/earthhologenome/EHI_taxonomy_colour/main/ehi_phylum_colors.tsv") %>%
mutate_at(vars(phylum), ~ str_replace(., "[dpcofgs]__", "")) %>%
right_join(taxonomy, by=join_by(phylum == phylum)) %>%
dplyr::select(phylum, colors) %>%
mutate(colors = str_c(colors, "80")) %>% #add 80% alpha
unique() %>%
dplyr::arrange(phylum)
tax_table <- as.data.frame(unique(ancombc_rand_table_mag$phylum))
colnames(tax_table)[1] <- "phylum"
tax_color <- merge(tax_table, colors_alphabetic, by="phylum")%>%
dplyr::arrange(phylum) %>%
dplyr::select(colors) %>%
pull()ancombc_rand_table_mag%>%
mutate(genome=factor(taxon,levels=ancombc_rand_table_mag$taxon)) %>%
ggplot(., aes(x=lfc_time_point1_Acclimation, y=forcats::fct_reorder(genome,lfc_time_point1_Acclimation), fill=phylum)) + #forcats::fct_rev()
geom_col() +
scale_fill_manual(values=tax_color) +
geom_hline(yintercept=0) +
# coord_flip()+
theme(panel.background = element_blank(),
axis.line = element_line(size = 0.5, linetype = "solid", colour = "black"),
axis.text.x = element_text(size = 12),
axis.text.y = element_text(size = 8),
axis.title = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold"),
legend.text = element_text(size = 12),
legend.title = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold"),
legend.position = "right", legend.box = "vertical")+
xlab("log2FoldChange") +
ylab("Species")+
guides(fill=guide_legend(title="Phylum"))
Phyla of the significant MAGs
ancombc_rand_table_mag%>%
filter(lfc_time_point1_Acclimation<0) %>%
count(phylum, name = "sample_count") %>%
arrange(desc(sample_count)) phylum sample_count
1 Bacillota_A 16
2 Bacteroidota 9
3 Bacillota_C 1 phylum genus species
1 Bacillota_A MGBC140009
2 Bacillota_A
3 Bacillota_A
4 Bacillota_A Negativibacillus
5 Bacteroidota Parabacteroides
6 Bacteroidota Bacteroides
7 Bacillota_A Hungatella
8 Bacteroidota Bacteroides
9 Bacteroidota Parabacteroides
10 Bacteroidota Parabacteroides
11 Bacteroidota Bacteroides
12 Bacillota_A
13 Bacteroidota Bacteroides
14 Bacillota_A
15 Bacillota_A Copromonas
16 Bacillota_A Enterocloster
17 Bacillota_A Velocimicrobium
18 Bacillota_A CAG-95
19 Bacillota_C
20 Bacteroidota Bacteroides
21 Bacillota_A
22 Bacillota_A Copromonas
23 Bacteroidota Bacteroides Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
24 Bacillota_A Pseudoflavonifractor
25 Bacillota_A Enterocloster
26 Bacillota_A JALFVM01 ancombc_rand_table_mag%>%
filter(lfc_time_point1_Acclimation<0) %>%
count(genus, name = "sample_count") %>%
arrange(desc(sample_count)) genus sample_count
1 6
2 Bacteroides 6
3 Parabacteroides 3
4 Copromonas 2
5 Enterocloster 2
6 CAG-95 1
7 Hungatella 1
8 JALFVM01 1
9 MGBC140009 1
10 Negativibacillus 1
11 Pseudoflavonifractor 1
12 Velocimicrobium 14.2.5 Differences in the functional capacity
GIFTs_elements <- to.elements(genome_gifts,GIFT_db)
GIFTs_elements_filtered <- GIFTs_elements[rownames(GIFTs_elements) %in% genome_counts_filt$genome,]
GIFTs_elements_filtered <- as.data.frame(GIFTs_elements_filtered) %>%
select_if(~ !is.numeric(.) || sum(.) != 0)
GIFTs_functions <- to.functions(GIFTs_elements_filtered,GIFT_db)
GIFTs_domains <- to.domains(GIFTs_functions,GIFT_db)
sample_sub <- sample_metadata %>%
filter(Population == "Cold_wet" & treatment %in% c("Acclimation", "Wild"))
genome_counts_row <- genome_counts_filt %>%
mutate_at(vars(-genome),~./sum(.)) %>%
select(one_of(c("genome",sample_sub$sample))) %>%
column_to_rownames(., "genome")
GIFTs_elements_community <- to.community(GIFTs_elements_filtered,genome_counts_row,GIFT_db)
GIFTs_functions_community <- to.community(GIFTs_functions,genome_counts_row,GIFT_db)
GIFTs_domains_community <- to.community(GIFTs_domains,genome_counts_row,GIFT_db)4.2.5.1 Community elements differences:
MCI
GIFTs_elements_community %>%
rowMeans() %>%
as_tibble(., rownames = "sample") %>%
left_join(sample_metadata, by = join_by(sample == sample)) %>%
group_by(treatment) %>%
summarise(MCI = mean(value), sd = sd(value))# A tibble: 2 × 3
treatment MCI sd
<chr> <dbl> <dbl>
1 Acclimation 0.335 0.0324
2 Wild 0.350 0.0237MCI <- GIFTs_elements_community %>%
rowMeans() %>%
as_tibble(., rownames = "sample") %>%
left_join(sample_metadata, by = join_by(sample == sample))
shapiro.test(MCI$value)
Shapiro-Wilk normality test
data: MCI$value
W = 0.94347, p-value = 0.07144
Wilcoxon rank sum exact test
data: value by treatment
W = 114, p-value = 0.2066
alternative hypothesis: true location shift is not equal to 0element_gift <- GIFTs_elements_community %>%
as.data.frame() %>%
rownames_to_column(., "sample") %>%
left_join(., sample_metadata[c(12,13)], by=join_by("sample"=="sample"))uniqueGIFT_db<- unique(GIFT_db[c(2,4,5,6)]) %>% unite("Function",Function:Element, sep= "_", remove=FALSE)
significant_elements <- element_gift %>%
pivot_longer(-c(sample,treatment), names_to = "trait", values_to = "value") %>%
group_by(trait) %>%
summarise(p_value = wilcox.test(value ~ treatment)$p.value) %>%
mutate(p_adjust=p.adjust(p_value, method="BH")) %>%
filter(p_adjust < 0.05)%>%
left_join(.,uniqueGIFT_db[c(1,3)],by = join_by(trait == Code_element))
element_gift_t <- element_gift %>%
t() %>%
row_to_names(row_number = 1) %>%
as.data.frame() %>%
mutate_if(is.character, as.numeric) %>%
rownames_to_column(., "trait")
element_gift_filt <- subset(element_gift_t, trait %in% significant_elements$trait) %>%
t() %>%
row_to_names(row_number = 1) %>%
as.data.frame() %>%
mutate_if(is.character, as.numeric) %>%
rownames_to_column(., "sample")%>%
left_join(., sample_metadata[c(12,13)], by = join_by(sample == sample))
difference_table <- element_gift_filt %>%
select(-sample) %>%
group_by(treatment) %>%
summarise(across(everything(), mean)) %>%
t() %>%
row_to_names(row_number = 1) %>%
as.data.frame() %>%
mutate_if(is.character, as.numeric) %>%
rownames_to_column(., "Elements") %>%
left_join(.,uniqueGIFT_db[c(1,3,4)],by = join_by(Elements == Code_element)) %>%
arrange(Function) %>%
mutate(Difference=Acclimation-Wild)%>%
mutate(group_color = ifelse(Difference <0, "Wild","Acclimation")) difference_table %>%
ggplot(aes(x=forcats::fct_reorder(Function,Difference), y=Difference, fill=group_color)) +
geom_col() +
# geom_point(size=4) +
scale_fill_manual(values=treatment_colors) +
geom_hline(yintercept=0) +
coord_flip()+
theme(axis.text = element_text(size = 10),
axis.title = element_text(size = 12),
legend.position = "right",
panel.background = element_blank(),
panel.grid.major = element_line(size = 0.15, linetype = 'solid',
colour = "grey"))+
xlab("Microbial Functional Capacity") +
ylab("Mean difference")+
labs(fill="Treatment")
4.2.5.2 Community functions differences
MCI
GIFTs_functions_community %>%
rowMeans() %>%
as_tibble(., rownames = "sample") %>%
left_join(sample_metadata, by = join_by(sample == sample)) %>%
group_by(treatment) %>%
summarise(MCI = mean(value), sd = sd(value))# A tibble: 2 × 3
treatment MCI sd
<chr> <dbl> <dbl>
1 Acclimation 0.330 0.0320
2 Wild 0.346 0.0196MCI <- GIFTs_functions_community %>%
rowMeans() %>%
as_tibble(., rownames = "sample") %>%
left_join(sample_metadata, by = join_by(sample == sample))
shapiro.test(MCI$value)
Shapiro-Wilk normality test
data: MCI$value
W = 0.94507, p-value = 0.07998
Wilcoxon rank sum exact test
data: value by treatment
W = 100, p-value = 0.08313
alternative hypothesis: true location shift is not equal to 0function_gift <- GIFTs_functions_community %>%
as.data.frame() %>%
rownames_to_column(., "sample") %>%
merge(., sample_metadata[c(12,13)], by="sample")unique_funct_db<- GIFT_db[c(3,4,5)] %>%
distinct(Code_function, .keep_all = TRUE)
significant_functional <- function_gift %>%
pivot_longer(-c(sample,treatment), names_to = "trait", values_to = "value") %>%
group_by(trait) %>%
summarise(p_value = wilcox.test(value ~ treatment)$p.value) %>%
mutate(p_adjust=p.adjust(p_value, method="BH")) %>%
filter(p_adjust < 0.05)%>%
left_join(.,unique_funct_db[c(1,3)],by = join_by(trait == Code_function))| Code_function | Acclimation | Wild | Function | Difference | treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B03 | 0.1097356 | 0.1256091 | Amino acid derivative biosynthesis | -0.0158735 | Wild |
| D03 | 0.2921075 | 0.3442827 | Sugar degradation | -0.0521752 | Wild |
4.3 Does the antibiotic administration change the microbial community?
alpha_div_meta <- alpha_div %>%
left_join(sample_metadata, by = join_by(sample == sample))%>%
filter(Population == "Cold_wet" & time_point %in% c("Acclimation", "Antibiotics") ) 4.3.1 Alpha diversity
alpha_div %>%
pivot_longer(-sample, names_to = "metric", values_to = "value") %>%
left_join(., sample_metadata, by = "sample") %>%
mutate(metric=factor(metric,levels=c("richness","neutral","phylogenetic"))) %>%
filter(Population == "Cold_wet" & time_point %in% c("Acclimation", "Antibiotics") ) %>%
ggplot(aes(y = value, x = time_point, color=time_point, fill=time_point)) +
geom_jitter(width = 0.2, show.legend = FALSE) +
geom_boxplot(width = 0.5, alpha=0.5, outlier.shape = NA, show.legend = FALSE) +
scale_color_manual(values=treatment_colors)+
scale_fill_manual(values=treatment_colors) +
theme_classic() +
theme(
strip.background = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor.x = element_line(size = .1, color = "grey"),
axis.title.x = element_blank(),
axis.title.y = element_text(size=10),
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1),
# Increase plot size
plot.title = element_text(size = 10),
axis.text = element_text(size = 8),
axis.title = element_text(size = 8)
) +
ylab("Alpha diversity")
Richness
Modelq0GLMMNB <- glmer.nb(richness ~ time_point+(1|individual), data = alpha_div_meta)
summary(Modelq0GLMMNB)Generalized linear mixed model fit by maximum likelihood (Laplace Approximation) ['glmerMod']
Family: Negative Binomial(4.6838) ( log )
Formula: richness ~ time_point + (1 | individual)
Data: alpha_div_meta
AIC BIC logLik deviance df.resid
278.1 283.9 -135.0 270.1 28
Scaled residuals:
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-1.49142 -0.49637 -0.06281 0.55004 1.99619
Random effects:
Groups Name Variance Std.Dev.
individual (Intercept) 0.357 0.5975
Number of obs: 32, groups: individual, 18
Fixed effects:
Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 3.7303 0.1880 19.844 < 2e-16 ***
time_pointAntibiotics -1.1593 0.1966 -5.896 3.72e-09 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Correlation of Fixed Effects:
(Intr)
tm_pntAntbt -0.427$emmeans
time_point emmean SE df asymp.LCL asymp.UCL
Acclimation 3.73 0.188 Inf 3.36 4.10
Antibiotics 2.57 0.206 Inf 2.17 2.97
Results are given on the log (not the response) scale.
Confidence level used: 0.95
$contrasts
contrast estimate SE df z.ratio p.value
Acclimation - Antibiotics 1.16 0.197 Inf 5.896 <.0001
Results are given on the log (not the response) scale. Neutral
Model_neutral <- lme(fixed = neutral ~ time_point, data = alpha_div_meta,
random = ~ 1 | individual)
summary(Model_neutral)Linear mixed-effects model fit by REML
Data: alpha_div_meta
AIC BIC logLik
224.1303 229.7351 -108.0652
Random effects:
Formula: ~1 | individual
(Intercept) Residual
StdDev: 3.198228 7.479481
Fixed effects: neutral ~ time_point
Value Std.Error DF t-value p-value
(Intercept) 19.11841 1.971629 17 9.696759 0e+00
time_pointAntibiotics -11.46314 2.675428 13 -4.284600 9e-04
Correlation:
(Intr)
time_pointAntibiotics -0.63
Standardized Within-Group Residuals:
Min Q1 Med Q3 Max
-1.86893024 -0.51778639 -0.08383536 0.57135437 1.94021413
Number of Observations: 32
Number of Groups: 18 Phylogenetic
Model_phylo <- lme(fixed = phylogenetic ~ time_point, data = alpha_div_meta,
random = ~ 1 | individual)
summary(Model_phylo)Linear mixed-effects model fit by REML
Data: alpha_div_meta
AIC BIC logLik
138.105 143.7097 -65.05248
Random effects:
Formula: ~1 | individual
(Intercept) Residual
StdDev: 1.022301 1.674107
Fixed effects: phylogenetic ~ time_point
Value Std.Error DF t-value p-value
(Intercept) 5.411618 0.474784 17 11.398064 0.0000
time_pointAntibiotics -0.793905 0.603291 13 -1.315958 0.2109
Correlation:
(Intr)
time_pointAntibiotics -0.586
Standardized Within-Group Residuals:
Min Q1 Med Q3 Max
-1.65952954 -0.50058715 -0.03050434 0.42433230 1.61438947
Number of Observations: 32
Number of Groups: 18 4.3.2 Beta diversity
samples_to_keep <- sample_metadata %>%
filter(Population == "Cold_wet" & time_point %in% c("Acclimation", "Antibiotics")) %>%
select(Tube_code) %>%
pull()
subset_meta <- sample_metadata %>%
filter(Population == "Cold_wet" & time_point %in% c("Acclimation", "Antibiotics"))Richness
richness <- as.matrix(beta_q0n$S)
richness <- as.dist(richness[rownames(richness) %in% samples_to_keep,
colnames(richness) %in% samples_to_keep])
betadisper(richness, subset_meta$time_point) %>% permutest(.)
Permutation test for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions
Permutation: free
Number of permutations: 999
Response: Distances
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F N.Perm Pr(>F)
Groups 1 0.013687 0.0136873 2.0494 999 0.142
Residuals 30 0.200356 0.0066785 adonis2(richness ~ time_point,
data = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(Tube_code,labels(richness))),
permutations = 999,
strata = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(Tube_code,labels(richness))) %>% pull(individual)) %>%
broom::tidy() %>%
tt()| term | df | SumOfSqs | R2 | statistic | p.value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | 1 | 1.580367 | 0.1313608 | 4.536779 | 0.001 |
| Residual | 30 | 10.450370 | 0.8686392 | NA | NA |
| Total | 31 | 12.030738 | 1.0000000 | NA | NA |
Neutral
neutral <- as.matrix(beta_q1n$S)
neutral <- as.dist(neutral[rownames(neutral) %in% samples_to_keep,
colnames(neutral) %in% samples_to_keep])
betadisper(neutral, subset_meta$time_point) %>% permutest(.)
Permutation test for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions
Permutation: free
Number of permutations: 999
Response: Distances
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F N.Perm Pr(>F)
Groups 1 0.03491 0.034906 2.5203 999 0.097 .
Residuals 30 0.41549 0.013850
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1adonis2(neutral ~ time_point,
data = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(Tube_code,labels(neutral))),
permutations = 999,
strata = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(Tube_code,labels(neutral))) %>% pull(individual)) %>%
broom::tidy() %>%
tt()| term | df | SumOfSqs | R2 | statistic | p.value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | 1 | 1.78013 | 0.1607184 | 5.744856 | 0.001 |
| Residual | 30 | 9.29595 | 0.8392816 | NA | NA |
| Total | 31 | 11.07608 | 1.0000000 | NA | NA |
Phylogenetic
phylo <- as.matrix(beta_q1p$S)
phylo <- as.dist(phylo[rownames(phylo) %in% samples_to_keep,
colnames(phylo) %in% samples_to_keep])
betadisper(phylo, subset_meta$time_point) %>% permutest(.)
Permutation test for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions
Permutation: free
Number of permutations: 999
Response: Distances
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F N.Perm Pr(>F)
Groups 1 0.31336 0.313365 16.503 999 0.001 ***
Residuals 30 0.56964 0.018988
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1adonis2(phylo ~ time_point,
data = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(Tube_code,labels(phylo))),
permutations = 999,
strata = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(Tube_code,labels(phylo))) %>% pull(individual)) %>%
broom::tidy() %>%
tt()| term | df | SumOfSqs | R2 | statistic | p.value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | 1 | 1.572915 | 0.2890287 | 12.19579 | 0.001 |
| Residual | 30 | 3.869157 | 0.7109713 | NA | NA |
| Total | 31 | 5.442071 | 1.0000000 | NA | NA |
4.3.3 Structural zeros
acclimation_samples <- sample_metadata %>%
filter(Population == "Cold_wet" & time_point == "Acclimation") %>%
dplyr::select(sample) %>%
pull()
antibiotics_samples <- sample_metadata %>%
filter(Population == "Cold_wet" & time_point == "Antibiotics") %>%
dplyr::select(sample) %>% pull()
structural_zeros <- genome_counts_filt %>%
select(one_of(c("genome",subset_meta$sample))) %>%
filter(rowSums(across(where(is.numeric), ~ . != 0)) > 0) %>%
select(genome, where(~ is.numeric(.) && sum(.) > 0)) %>%
rowwise() %>% #compute for each row (genome)
mutate(all_zeros_acclimation = all(c_across(all_of(acclimation_samples)) == 0)) %>%
mutate(all_zeros_antibiotics = all(c_across(all_of(antibiotics_samples)) == 0)) %>%
mutate(average_acclimation = mean(c_across(all_of(acclimation_samples)), na.rm = TRUE)) %>%
mutate(average_antibiotics = mean(c_across(all_of(antibiotics_samples)), na.rm = TRUE)) %>%
filter(all_zeros_acclimation == TRUE || all_zeros_antibiotics==TRUE) %>%
mutate(present = case_when(
all_zeros_acclimation & !all_zeros_antibiotics ~ "antibiotics",
!all_zeros_acclimation & all_zeros_antibiotics ~ "acclimation",
!all_zeros_acclimation & !all_zeros_antibiotics ~ "None",
TRUE ~ NA_character_
)) %>%
mutate(average = ifelse(present == "acclimation", average_acclimation, average_antibiotics)) %>%
dplyr::select(genome, present, average) %>%
left_join(genome_metadata, by=join_by(genome==genome)) %>%
arrange(present,-average)Acclimation
structural_zeros %>%
filter(present=="acclimation") %>%
count(phylum, name = "sample_count") %>%
arrange(desc(sample_count)) # A tibble: 9 × 2
# Rowwise:
phylum sample_count
<chr> <int>
1 p__Bacillota_A 43
2 p__Bacteroidota 15
3 p__Bacillota 8
4 p__Pseudomonadota 7
5 p__Cyanobacteriota 3
6 p__Verrucomicrobiota 2
7 p__Bacillota_B 1
8 p__Bacillota_C 1
9 p__Fusobacteriota 1Antibiotics
# A tibble: 4 × 7
# Rowwise:
genome phylum class order family genus species
<chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr>
1 AH1_2nd_7:bin_000003 p__Pseudomonadota c__Gammaproteobacteria o__Enterobacterales f__Enterobacteriaceae g__Proteus s__Proteus cibarius
2 LI1_2nd_7:bin_000001 p__Bacillota_A c__Clostridia o__Clostridiales f__Clostridiaceae g__Sarcina s__
3 AH1_2nd_7:bin_000055 p__Bacillota c__Bacilli o__Mycoplasmatales f__Mycoplasmoidaceae g__Ureaplasma s__
4 AH1_2nd_13:bin_000025 p__Bacillota_A c__Clostridia o__Christensenellales f__UBA3700 g__ s__ Community elements differences in structural zeros
element_gift <- GIFTs_elements_community %>%
as.data.frame() %>%
rownames_to_column(., "sample") %>%
left_join(., sample_metadata[c(12,13)], by=join_by("sample"=="sample"))uniqueGIFT_db<- unique(GIFT_db[c(2,4,5,6)]) %>% unite("Function",Function:Element, sep= "_", remove=FALSE)
element_gift %>%
pivot_longer(-c(sample,treatment), names_to = "trait", values_to = "value") %>%
group_by(trait) %>%
summarise(p_value = wilcox.test(value ~ treatment)$p.value) %>%
mutate(p_adjust=p.adjust(p_value, method="BH")) %>%
filter(p_adjust < 0.05)# A tibble: 0 × 3
# ℹ 3 variables: trait <chr>, p_value <dbl>, p_adjust <dbl>4.3.4 Differential abundance analysis: composition
phylo_samples <- sample_metadata %>%
filter(Population == "Cold_wet" & time_point %in% c("Acclimation", "Antibiotics") )%>%
column_to_rownames("sample") %>%
sample_data()
phylo_genome <- genome_counts_filt %>%
filter(!genome %in% structural_zeros$genome) %>%
select(one_of(c("genome",rownames(phylo_samples)))) %>%
filter(rowSums(across(where(is.numeric), ~ . != 0)) > 0) %>%
select(genome, where(~ is.numeric(.) && sum(.) > 0)) %>%
column_to_rownames("genome") %>%
otu_table(., taxa_are_rows = TRUE)
phylo_taxonomy <- genome_metadata %>%
filter(genome %in% rownames(phylo_genome)) %>%
column_to_rownames("genome") %>%
dplyr::select(domain,phylum,class,order,family,genus,species) %>%
as.matrix() %>%
tax_table()
physeq_genome_filtered <- phyloseq(phylo_genome, phylo_taxonomy, phylo_samples)ancom_rand_output = ancombc2(data = physeq_genome_filtered,
assay_name = "counts",
tax_level = NULL,
fix_formula = "time_point",
rand_formula = "(1|individual)",
p_adj_method = "holm",
pseudo_sens = TRUE,
prv_cut =0,
lib_cut = 0,
s0_perc = 0.05,
group = NULL,
struc_zero = FALSE,
neg_lb = FALSE,
alpha = 0.05,
n_cl = 2,
verbose = TRUE,
global = FALSE,
pairwise = FALSE,
dunnet = FALSE,
trend = FALSE,
iter_control = list(tol = 1e-5, max_iter = 20, verbose = FALSE),
em_control = list(tol = 1e-5, max_iter = 100),
lme_control = lme4::lmerControl(),
mdfdr_control = list(fwer_ctrl_method = "holm", B = 100),
trend_control = NULL)taxonomy <- data.frame(physeq_genome_filtered@tax_table) %>%
rownames_to_column(., "taxon") %>%
mutate_at(vars(order, phylum, family, genus, species), ~ str_replace(., "[dpcofgs]__", ""))
ancombc_rand_table_mag <- ancom_rand_output$res %>%
dplyr::select(taxon, lfc_time_point2_Antibiotics, p_time_point2_Antibiotics) %>%
filter(p_time_point2_Antibiotics < 0.05) %>%
dplyr::arrange(p_time_point2_Antibiotics) %>%
merge(., taxonomy, by="taxon") %>%
mutate_at(vars(phylum, species), ~ str_replace(., "[dpcofgs]__", ""))%>%
dplyr::arrange(lfc_time_point2_Antibiotics)
colors_alphabetic <- read_tsv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/earthhologenome/EHI_taxonomy_colour/main/ehi_phylum_colors.tsv") %>%
mutate_at(vars(phylum), ~ str_replace(., "[dpcofgs]__", "")) %>%
right_join(taxonomy, by=join_by(phylum == phylum)) %>%
dplyr::select(phylum, colors) %>%
mutate(colors = str_c(colors, "80")) %>% #add 80% alpha
unique() %>%
dplyr::arrange(phylum)
tax_table <- as.data.frame(unique(ancombc_rand_table_mag$phylum))
colnames(tax_table)[1] <- "phylum"
tax_color <- merge(tax_table, colors_alphabetic, by="phylum")%>%
dplyr::arrange(phylum) %>%
dplyr::select(colors) %>%
pull()ancombc_rand_table_mag%>%
mutate(genome=factor(taxon,levels=ancombc_rand_table_mag$taxon)) %>%
ggplot(., aes(x=lfc_time_point2_Antibiotics, y=forcats::fct_reorder(genome,lfc_time_point2_Antibiotics), fill=phylum)) + #forcats::fct_rev()
geom_col() +
scale_fill_manual(values=tax_color) +
geom_hline(yintercept=0) +
# coord_flip()+
theme(panel.background = element_blank(),
axis.line = element_line(size = 0.5, linetype = "solid", colour = "black"),
axis.text.x = element_text(size = 12),
axis.text.y = element_text(size = 8),
axis.title = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold"),
legend.text = element_text(size = 12),
legend.title = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold"),
legend.position = "right", legend.box = "vertical")+
xlab("log2FoldChange") +
ylab("Species")+
guides(fill=guide_legend(title="Phylum"))
Phyla of the significant MAGs
ancombc_rand_table_mag%>%
filter(lfc_time_point2_Antibiotics<0) %>%
count(phylum, name = "sample_count") %>%
arrange(desc(sample_count)) phylum sample_count
1 Bacteroidota 14
2 Bacillota_A 4
3 Bacillota 2
4 Campylobacterota 1 phylum genus species
1 Campylobacterota Helicobacter_J
2 Bacillota_A
3 Bacteroidota Bacteroides
4 Bacteroidota Odoribacter
5 Bacteroidota Bacteroides
6 Bacillota Coprobacillus
7 Bacillota
8 Bacteroidota Phocaeicola
9 Bacteroidota Bacteroides
10 Bacteroidota Phocaeicola
11 Bacteroidota Odoribacter
12 Bacteroidota Bacteroides
13 Bacteroidota Bacteroides
14 Bacteroidota Parabacteroides
15 Bacteroidota
16 Bacteroidota Parabacteroides
17 Bacillota_A
18 Bacteroidota Alistipes
19 Bacillota_A
20 Bacillota_A
21 Bacteroidota Odoribacter ancombc_rand_table_mag%>%
filter(lfc_time_point2_Antibiotics<0) %>%
count(genus, name = "sample_count") %>%
arrange(desc(sample_count)) genus sample_count
1 6
2 Bacteroides 5
3 Odoribacter 3
4 Parabacteroides 2
5 Phocaeicola 2
6 Alistipes 1
7 Coprobacillus 1
8 Helicobacter_J 14.3.5 Differences in the functional capacity
GIFTs_elements <- to.elements(genome_gifts,GIFT_db)
GIFTs_elements_filtered <- GIFTs_elements[rownames(GIFTs_elements) %in% genome_counts_filt$genome,]
GIFTs_elements_filtered <- as.data.frame(GIFTs_elements_filtered) %>%
select_if(~ !is.numeric(.) || sum(.) != 0)
GIFTs_functions <- to.functions(GIFTs_elements_filtered,GIFT_db)
GIFTs_domains <- to.domains(GIFTs_functions,GIFT_db)
sample_sub <- sample_metadata %>%
filter(Population == "Cold_wet" & treatment %in% c("Acclimation", "Antibiotics"))
genome_counts_row <- genome_counts_filt %>%
mutate_at(vars(-genome),~./sum(.)) %>%
select(one_of(c("genome",sample_sub$sample))) %>%
column_to_rownames(., "genome")
GIFTs_elements_community <- to.community(GIFTs_elements_filtered,genome_counts_row,GIFT_db)
GIFTs_functions_community <- to.community(GIFTs_functions,genome_counts_row,GIFT_db)
GIFTs_domains_community <- to.community(GIFTs_domains,genome_counts_row,GIFT_db)4.3.5.1 Community elements differences:
MCI
GIFTs_elements_community %>%
rowMeans() %>%
as_tibble(., rownames = "sample") %>%
left_join(sample_metadata, by = join_by(sample == sample)) %>%
group_by(treatment) %>%
summarise(MCI = mean(value), sd = sd(value))# A tibble: 2 × 3
treatment MCI sd
<chr> <dbl> <dbl>
1 Acclimation 0.335 0.0324
2 Antibiotics 0.247 0.136 MCI <- GIFTs_elements_community %>%
rowMeans() %>%
as_tibble(., rownames = "sample") %>%
left_join(sample_metadata, by = join_by(sample == sample))
shapiro.test(MCI$value)
Shapiro-Wilk normality test
data: MCI$value
W = 0.94332, p-value = 0.09304
Wilcoxon rank sum exact test
data: value by treatment
W = 190, p-value = 0.01768
alternative hypothesis: true location shift is not equal to 0element_gift <- GIFTs_elements_community %>%
as.data.frame() %>%
rownames_to_column(., "sample") %>%
left_join(., sample_metadata[c(12,13)], by=join_by("sample"=="sample"))uniqueGIFT_db<- unique(GIFT_db[c(2,4,5,6)]) %>% unite("Function",Function:Element, sep= "_", remove=FALSE)
significant_elements <- element_gift %>%
pivot_longer(-c(sample,treatment), names_to = "trait", values_to = "value") %>%
group_by(trait) %>%
summarise(p_value = wilcox.test(value ~ treatment)$p.value) %>%
mutate(p_adjust=p.adjust(p_value, method="BH")) %>%
filter(p_adjust < 0.05)%>%
left_join(.,uniqueGIFT_db[c(1,3)],by = join_by(trait == Code_element))
element_gift_t <- element_gift %>%
t() %>%
row_to_names(row_number = 1) %>%
as.data.frame() %>%
mutate_if(is.character, as.numeric) %>%
rownames_to_column(., "trait")
element_gift_filt <- subset(element_gift_t, trait %in% significant_elements$trait) %>%
t() %>%
row_to_names(row_number = 1) %>%
as.data.frame() %>%
mutate_if(is.character, as.numeric) %>%
rownames_to_column(., "sample")%>%
left_join(., sample_metadata[c(12,13)], by = join_by(sample == sample))
difference_table <- element_gift_filt %>%
select(-sample) %>%
group_by(treatment) %>%
summarise(across(everything(), mean)) %>%
t() %>%
row_to_names(row_number = 1) %>%
as.data.frame() %>%
mutate_if(is.character, as.numeric) %>%
rownames_to_column(., "Elements") %>%
left_join(.,uniqueGIFT_db[c(1,3,4)],by = join_by(Elements == Code_element)) %>%
arrange(Function) %>%
mutate(Difference=Acclimation-Antibiotics)%>%
mutate(group_color = ifelse(Difference <0, "Antibiotics","Acclimation")) difference_table %>%
ggplot(aes(x=forcats::fct_reorder(Function,Difference), y=Difference, fill=group_color)) +
geom_col() +
# geom_point(size=4) +
scale_fill_manual(values=treatment_colors) +
geom_hline(yintercept=0) +
coord_flip()+
theme(axis.text = element_text(size = 10),
axis.title = element_text(size = 12),
legend.position = "right",
panel.background = element_blank(),
panel.grid.major = element_line(size = 0.15, linetype = 'solid',
colour = "grey"))+
xlab("Microbial Functional Capacity") +
ylab("Mean difference")+
labs(fill="Treatment")
4.3.5.2 Community functions differences
MCI
GIFTs_functions_community %>%
rowMeans() %>%
as_tibble(., rownames = "sample") %>%
left_join(sample_metadata, by = join_by(sample == sample)) %>%
group_by(treatment) %>%
summarise(MCI = mean(value), sd = sd(value))# A tibble: 2 × 3
treatment MCI sd
<chr> <dbl> <dbl>
1 Acclimation 0.330 0.0320
2 Antibiotics 0.256 0.126 MCI <- GIFTs_functions_community %>%
rowMeans() %>%
as_tibble(., rownames = "sample") %>%
left_join(sample_metadata, by = join_by(sample == sample))
shapiro.test(MCI$value)
Shapiro-Wilk normality test
data: MCI$value
W = 0.95742, p-value = 0.2331
Wilcoxon rank sum exact test
data: value by treatment
W = 188, p-value = 0.02195
alternative hypothesis: true location shift is not equal to 0function_gift <- GIFTs_functions_community %>%
as.data.frame() %>%
rownames_to_column(., "sample") %>%
merge(., sample_metadata[c(12,13)], by="sample")unique_funct_db<- GIFT_db[c(3,4,5)] %>%
distinct(Code_function, .keep_all = TRUE)
significant_functional <- function_gift %>%
pivot_longer(-c(sample,treatment), names_to = "trait", values_to = "value") %>%
group_by(trait) %>%
summarise(p_value = wilcox.test(value ~ treatment)$p.value) %>%
mutate(p_adjust=p.adjust(p_value, method="BH")) %>%
filter(p_adjust < 0.05)%>%
left_join(.,unique_funct_db[c(1,3)],by = join_by(trait == Code_function))| Code_function | Acclimation | Antibiotics | Function | Difference | treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B06 | 0.68110280 | 0.47325490 | Organic anion biosynthesis | 0.20784790 | Acclimation |
| B02 | 0.59963040 | 0.41562100 | Amino acid biosynthesis | 0.18400940 | Acclimation |
| D02 | 0.38587770 | 0.20636760 | Polysaccharide degradation | 0.17951010 | Acclimation |
| S03 | 0.27103471 | 0.09357224 | Spore | 0.17746247 | Acclimation |
| B01 | 0.84215140 | 0.69078910 | Nucleic acid biosynthesis | 0.15136230 | Acclimation |
| B07 | 0.44558700 | 0.30432910 | Vitamin biosynthesis | 0.14125790 | Acclimation |
| B08 | 0.44596150 | 0.32044710 | Aromatic compound biosynthesis | 0.12551440 | Acclimation |
| D09 | 0.25533360 | 0.13438350 | Antibiotic degradation | 0.12095010 | Acclimation |
| B04 | 0.54457570 | 0.42921780 | SCFA biosynthesis | 0.11535790 | Acclimation |
| D03 | 0.29210750 | 0.20698550 | Sugar degradation | 0.08512200 | Acclimation |
| D05 | 0.28856110 | 0.22258820 | Amino acid degradation | 0.06597290 | Acclimation |
| B10 | 0.05947806 | 0.03621687 | Antibiotic biosynthesis | 0.02326119 | Acclimation |
4.4 Does antibiotic administration remove the differences found in the two populations?
4.4.1 Shapiro test
alpha_div %>%
pivot_longer(-sample, names_to = "metric", values_to = "value") %>%
left_join(., sample_metadata, by = join_by(sample == Tube_code)) %>%
filter(time_point == "Antibiotics" ) %>%
filter(metric=="richness") %>%
summarize(shapiro_p_value = shapiro.test(value)$p.value) %>%
pull(shapiro_p_value) #0.001-->wilcox test[1] 0.001165318alpha_div %>%
pivot_longer(-sample, names_to = "metric", values_to = "value") %>%
left_join(., sample_metadata, by = join_by(sample == Tube_code)) %>%
filter(time_point == "Antibiotics" ) %>%
filter(metric=="neutral") %>%
summarize(shapiro_p_value = shapiro.test(value)$p.value) %>%
pull(shapiro_p_value) #0.0003-->wilcox test[1] 0.0003462674alpha_div %>%
pivot_longer(-sample, names_to = "metric", values_to = "value") %>%
left_join(., sample_metadata, by = join_by(sample == Tube_code)) %>%
filter(time_point == "Antibiotics" ) %>%
filter(metric=="phylogenetic") %>%
summarize(shapiro_p_value = shapiro.test(value)$p.value) %>%
pull(shapiro_p_value)[1] 0.06596974.4.2 Alpha diversity
alpha_div_meta <- alpha_div %>%
left_join(sample_metadata, by = join_by(sample == sample))%>%
filter(time_point == "Antibiotics" )alpha_div %>%
pivot_longer(-sample, names_to = "metric", values_to = "value") %>%
left_join(., sample_metadata, by = "sample") %>%
mutate(metric=factor(metric,levels=c("richness","neutral"))) %>%
filter(metric!="phylogenetic") %>%
filter(time_point == "Antibiotics" ) %>%
ggplot(aes(y = value, x = Population, color=Population, fill=Population)) +
geom_jitter(width = 0.2, show.legend = FALSE) +
geom_boxplot(width = 0.5, alpha=0.5, outlier.shape = NA, show.legend = FALSE) +
scale_color_manual(values=treatment_colors)+
scale_fill_manual(values=treatment_colors) +
facet_wrap(. ~ metric, scales = "free") +
stat_compare_means(method = "wilcox.test", show.legend = F, size = 3, label.x = c(1.5))+
theme_classic() +
theme(
strip.background = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor.x = element_line(size = .1, color = "grey"),
axis.title.x = element_blank(),
axis.title.y = element_text(size=10),
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1),
# Increase plot size
plot.title = element_text(size = 10),
axis.text = element_text(size = 8),
axis.title = element_text(size = 8)
) +
ylab("Alpha diversity")
alpha_div %>%
pivot_longer(-sample, names_to = "metric", values_to = "value") %>%
left_join(., sample_metadata, by = "sample") %>%
mutate(metric=factor(metric,levels=c("phylogenetic"))) %>%
filter(time_point == "Antibiotics" ) %>%
ggplot(aes(y = value, x = Population, color=Population, fill=Population)) +
geom_jitter(width = 0.2, show.legend = FALSE) +
geom_boxplot(width = 0.5, alpha=0.5, outlier.shape = NA, show.legend = FALSE) +
scale_color_manual(values=treatment_colors)+
scale_fill_manual(values=treatment_colors) +
stat_compare_means(method = "t.test", show.legend = F, size = 3, label.x = c(1.5))+
theme_classic() +
theme(
strip.background = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor.x = element_line(size = .1, color = "grey"),
axis.title.x = element_blank(),
axis.title.y = element_text(size=10),
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1),
# Increase plot size
plot.title = element_text(size = 10),
axis.text = element_text(size = 8),
axis.title = element_text(size = 8)
) +
ylab("Alpha diversity")
4.4.3 Beta diversity
samples_to_keep <- sample_metadata %>%
filter(time_point == "Antibiotics") %>%
select(Tube_code) %>%
pull()
subset_meta <- sample_metadata %>%
filter(time_point == "Antibiotics")Richness
richness <- as.matrix(beta_q0n$S)
richness <- as.dist(richness[rownames(richness) %in% samples_to_keep,
colnames(richness) %in% samples_to_keep])
betadisper(richness, subset_meta$Population) %>% permutest(.)
Permutation test for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions
Permutation: free
Number of permutations: 999
Response: Distances
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F N.Perm Pr(>F)
Groups 1 0.015377 0.0153774 6.8934 999 0.017 *
Residuals 21 0.046845 0.0022307
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1adonis2(richness ~ Population,
data = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(Tube_code,labels(richness))),
permutations = 999) %>%
broom::tidy() %>%
tt()| term | df | SumOfSqs | R2 | statistic | p.value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | 1 | 1.361743 | 0.1533845 | 3.80465 | 0.001 |
| Residual | 21 | 7.516224 | 0.8466155 | NA | NA |
| Total | 22 | 8.877966 | 1.0000000 | NA | NA |
Neutral
neutral <- as.matrix(beta_q1n$S)
neutral <- as.dist(neutral[rownames(neutral) %in% samples_to_keep,
colnames(neutral) %in% samples_to_keep])
betadisper(neutral, subset_meta$Population) %>% permutest(.)
Permutation test for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions
Permutation: free
Number of permutations: 999
Response: Distances
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F N.Perm Pr(>F)
Groups 1 0.030649 0.0306488 3.8694 999 0.077 .
Residuals 21 0.166339 0.0079209
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1adonis2(neutral ~ Population,
data = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(Tube_code,labels(neutral))),
permutations = 999) %>%
broom::tidy() %>%
tt()| term | df | SumOfSqs | R2 | statistic | p.value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | 1 | 1.787698 | 0.208772 | 5.541022 | 0.001 |
| Residual | 21 | 6.775221 | 0.791228 | NA | NA |
| Total | 22 | 8.562919 | 1.000000 | NA | NA |
Phylogenetic
phylo <- as.matrix(beta_q1p$S)
phylo <- as.dist(phylo[rownames(phylo) %in% samples_to_keep,
colnames(phylo) %in% samples_to_keep])
betadisper(phylo, subset_meta$Population) %>% permutest(.)
Permutation test for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions
Permutation: free
Number of permutations: 999
Response: Distances
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F N.Perm Pr(>F)
Groups 1 0.012165 0.012165 0.9979 999 0.339
Residuals 21 0.256012 0.012191 adonis2(phylo ~ Population,
data = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(Tube_code,labels(phylo))),
permutations = 999) %>%
broom::tidy() %>%
tt()| term | df | SumOfSqs | R2 | statistic | p.value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | 1 | 0.8970751 | 0.1890846 | 4.896659 | 0.001 |
| Residual | 21 | 3.8472307 | 0.8109154 | NA | NA |
| Total | 22 | 4.7443057 | 1.0000000 | NA | NA |
4.5 Are the microbial communities similar in both donor samples?
4.5.1 Alpha diversity
alpha_div_meta <- alpha_div %>%
left_join(sample_metadata, by = join_by(sample == sample))%>%
filter(type =="Hot_control" & time_point %in% c( "Transplant1", "Transplant2"))samples_to_keep <- sample_metadata %>%
filter(type =="Hot_control" & time_point %in% c( "Transplant1", "Transplant2"))%>%
select(sample) %>%
pull()
subset_meta <- sample_metadata %>%
filter(type =="Hot_control" & time_point %in% c( "Transplant1", "Transplant2"))alpha_div %>%
pivot_longer(-sample, names_to = "metric", values_to = "value") %>%
left_join(., sample_metadata, by = "sample") %>%
mutate(metric=factor(metric,levels=c("richness","neutral","phylogenetic"))) %>%
filter(type =="Hot_control" & time_point %in% c( "Transplant1", "Transplant2")) %>%
ggplot(aes(y = value, x = time_point, color=time_point, fill=time_point)) +
geom_jitter(width = 0.2, show.legend = FALSE) +
geom_boxplot(width = 0.5, alpha=0.5, outlier.shape = NA, show.legend = FALSE) +
scale_color_manual(values=treatment_colors)+
scale_fill_manual(values=treatment_colors) +
facet_wrap(. ~ metric, scales = "free") +
theme_classic() +
theme(
strip.background = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor.x = element_line(size = .1, color = "grey"),
axis.title.x = element_blank(),
axis.title.y = element_text(size=10),
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1),
# Increase plot size
plot.title = element_text(size = 10),
axis.text = element_text(size = 8),
axis.title = element_text(size = 8)
) +
ylab("Alpha diversity")
Richness
Modelq0GLMMNB <- glmer.nb(richness ~ time_point+(1|individual), data = alpha_div_meta)
summary(Modelq0GLMMNB)Generalized linear mixed model fit by maximum likelihood (Laplace Approximation) ['glmerMod']
Family: Negative Binomial(17.9668) ( log )
Formula: richness ~ time_point + (1 | individual)
Data: alpha_div_meta
AIC BIC logLik deviance df.resid
150.4 153.3 -71.2 142.4 11
Scaled residuals:
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-2.02956 -0.52933 0.03513 0.56378 1.56130
Random effects:
Groups Name Variance Std.Dev.
individual (Intercept) 0.009989 0.09995
Number of obs: 15, groups: individual, 8
Fixed effects:
Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 4.60703 0.09905 46.514 <2e-16 ***
time_pointTransplant2 0.05482 0.13299 0.412 0.68
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Correlation of Fixed Effects:
(Intr)
tm_pntTrns2 -0.624$emmeans
time_point emmean SE df asymp.LCL asymp.UCL
Transplant1 4.61 0.099 Inf 4.41 4.80
Transplant2 4.66 0.105 Inf 4.46 4.87
Results are given on the log (not the response) scale.
Confidence level used: 0.95
$contrasts
contrast estimate SE df z.ratio p.value
Transplant1 - Transplant2 -0.0548 0.133 Inf -0.412 0.6802
Results are given on the log (not the response) scale. Neutral
Model_neutral <- lme(fixed = neutral ~ time_point, data = alpha_div_meta,
random = ~ 1 | individual)
summary(Model_neutral)Linear mixed-effects model fit by REML
Data: alpha_div_meta
AIC BIC logLik
115.9183 118.1781 -53.95914
Random effects:
Formula: ~1 | individual
(Intercept) Residual
StdDev: 9.533528 10.15744
Fixed effects: neutral ~ time_point
Value Std.Error DF t-value p-value
(Intercept) 43.94053 4.925212 7 8.921551 0.0000
time_pointTransplant2 4.31623 5.338413 6 0.808523 0.4497
Correlation:
(Intr)
time_pointTransplant2 -0.491
Standardized Within-Group Residuals:
Min Q1 Med Q3 Max
-1.5771427 -0.5676402 0.0540640 0.5533248 1.1275055
Number of Observations: 15
Number of Groups: 8 Phylogenetic
Model_phylo <- lme(fixed = phylogenetic ~ time_point, data = alpha_div_meta,
random = ~ 1 | individual)
summary(Model_phylo)Linear mixed-effects model fit by REML
Data: alpha_div_meta
AIC BIC logLik
41.34174 43.60154 -16.67087
Random effects:
Formula: ~1 | individual
(Intercept) Residual
StdDev: 1.170147 0.3061822
Fixed effects: phylogenetic ~ time_point
Value Std.Error DF t-value p-value
(Intercept) 5.813636 0.4276378 7 13.59477 0.0000
time_pointTransplant2 -0.018484 0.1633332 6 -0.11317 0.9136
Correlation:
(Intr)
time_pointTransplant2 -0.168
Standardized Within-Group Residuals:
Min Q1 Med Q3 Max
-1.24253815 -0.37487798 -0.05019741 0.45701812 1.31723618
Number of Observations: 15
Number of Groups: 8 4.5.2 Beta diversity
Richness
richness <- as.matrix(beta_q0n$S)
richness <- as.dist(richness[rownames(richness) %in% samples_to_keep,
colnames(richness) %in% samples_to_keep])
betadisper(richness, subset_meta$treatment) %>% permutest(.)
Permutation test for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions
Permutation: free
Number of permutations: 999
Response: Distances
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F N.Perm Pr(>F)
Groups 1 0.00014 0.0001396 0.0173 999 0.918
Residuals 13 0.10481 0.0080621 adonis2(richness ~ treatment,
data = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(sample,labels(richness))),
permutations = 999,
strata = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(Tube_code,labels(richness))) %>% pull(individual)) %>%
broom::tidy() %>%
tt()| term | df | SumOfSqs | R2 | statistic | p.value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | 1 | 0.06889268 | 0.03010712 | 0.4035421 | 0.9375 |
| Residual | 13 | 2.21935895 | 0.96989288 | NA | NA |
| Total | 14 | 2.28825162 | 1.00000000 | NA | NA |
Neutral
neutral <- as.matrix(beta_q1n$S)
neutral <- as.dist(neutral[rownames(neutral) %in% samples_to_keep,
colnames(neutral) %in% samples_to_keep])
betadisper(neutral, subset_meta$treatment) %>% permutest(.)
Permutation test for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions
Permutation: free
Number of permutations: 999
Response: Distances
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F N.Perm Pr(>F)
Groups 1 0.000655 0.0006546 0.0514 999 0.796
Residuals 13 0.165409 0.0127237 adonis2(neutral ~ treatment,
data = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(Tube_code,labels(neutral))),
permutations = 999,
strata = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(Tube_code,labels(neutral))) %>% pull(individual)) %>%
broom::tidy() %>%
tt()| term | df | SumOfSqs | R2 | statistic | p.value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | 1 | 0.09294671 | 0.03882177 | 0.5250671 | 0.7265625 |
| Residual | 13 | 2.30124351 | 0.96117823 | NA | NA |
| Total | 14 | 2.39419022 | 1.00000000 | NA | NA |
Phylogenetic
phylo <- as.matrix(beta_q1p$S)
phylo <- as.dist(phylo[rownames(phylo) %in% samples_to_keep,
colnames(phylo) %in% samples_to_keep])
betadisper(phylo, subset_meta$treatment) %>% permutest(.)
Permutation test for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions
Permutation: free
Number of permutations: 999
Response: Distances
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F N.Perm Pr(>F)
Groups 1 0.003691 0.0036912 0.3071 999 0.67
Residuals 13 0.156266 0.0120205 adonis2(phylo ~ treatment,
data = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(Tube_code,labels(phylo))),
permutations = 999,
strata = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(Tube_code,labels(phylo))) %>% pull(individual)) %>%
broom::tidy() %>%
tt()| term | df | SumOfSqs | R2 | statistic | p.value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | 1 | 0.009773632 | 0.01921019 | 0.2546239 | 0.7734375 |
| Residual | 13 | 0.498999565 | 0.98078981 | NA | NA |
| Total | 14 | 0.508773196 | 1.00000000 | NA | NA |
4.6 Does the donor sample maintain the microbial community found in acclimation?
sample_metadata <- sample_metadata %>%
mutate(treatment=case_when(
treatment %in% c("Transplant1", "Transplant2") ~ "Transplant",
TRUE ~ treatment
))
alpha_div_meta <- alpha_div %>%
left_join(sample_metadata, by = join_by(sample == sample))%>%
filter(type == "Hot_control" & treatment %in% c("Acclimation","Transplant"))sample_metadata <- sample_metadata %>%
mutate(treatment=case_when(
treatment %in% c("Transplant1", "Transplant2") ~ "Transplant",
TRUE ~ treatment
))
samples_to_keep <- sample_metadata %>%
filter(type == "Hot_control" & treatment %in% c("Acclimation","Transplant")) %>%
select(sample) %>%
pull()
subset_meta <- sample_metadata %>%
filter(type == "Hot_control" & treatment %in% c("Acclimation","Transplant"))4.6.1 Alpha diversity
alpha_div %>%
pivot_longer(-sample, names_to = "metric", values_to = "value") %>%
left_join(., sample_metadata, by = "sample") %>%
mutate(metric=factor(metric,levels=c("richness","neutral","phylogenetic"))) %>%
filter(type == "Hot_control" & treatment %in% c("Acclimation","Transplant")) %>%
ggplot(aes(y = value, x = treatment, color=treatment, fill=treatment)) +
geom_jitter(width = 0.2, show.legend = FALSE) +
geom_boxplot(width = 0.5, alpha=0.5, outlier.shape = NA, show.legend = FALSE) +
scale_color_manual(values=treatment_colors)+
scale_fill_manual(values=treatment_colors) +
facet_wrap(. ~ metric, scales = "free") +
theme_classic() +
theme(
strip.background = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor.x = element_line(size = .1, color = "grey"),
axis.title.x = element_blank(),
axis.title.y = element_text(size=10),
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1),
# Increase plot size
plot.title = element_text(size = 10),
axis.text = element_text(size = 8),
axis.title = element_text(size = 8)
) +
ylab("Alpha diversity")
Richness
Modelq0GLMMNB <- glmer.nb(richness ~ treatment+(1|individual), data = alpha_div_meta)
summary(Modelq0GLMMNB)Generalized linear mixed model fit by maximum likelihood (Laplace Approximation) ['glmerMod']
Family: Negative Binomial(19.6072) ( log )
Formula: richness ~ treatment + (1 | individual)
Data: alpha_div_meta
AIC BIC logLik deviance df.resid
228.0 232.7 -110.0 220.0 20
Scaled residuals:
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-2.37872 -0.53180 0.06467 0.46904 1.76837
Random effects:
Groups Name Variance Std.Dev.
individual (Intercept) 0 0
Number of obs: 24, groups: individual, 9
Fixed effects:
Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 4.4569 0.0834 53.441 <2e-16 ***
treatmentTransplant 0.1855 0.1049 1.769 0.0769 .
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Correlation of Fixed Effects:
(Intr)
trtmntTrnsp -0.795
optimizer (Nelder_Mead) convergence code: 0 (OK)
boundary (singular) fit: see help('isSingular')$emmeans
treatment emmean SE df asymp.LCL asymp.UCL
Acclimation 4.46 0.0834 Inf 4.29 4.62
Transplant 4.64 0.0636 Inf 4.52 4.77
Results are given on the log (not the response) scale.
Confidence level used: 0.95
$contrasts
contrast estimate SE df z.ratio p.value
Acclimation - Transplant -0.186 0.105 Inf -1.769 0.0769
Results are given on the log (not the response) scale. Neutral
Model_neutral <- lme(fixed = neutral ~ treatment, data = alpha_div_meta,
random = ~ 1 | individual)
summary(Model_neutral)Linear mixed-effects model fit by REML
Data: alpha_div_meta
AIC BIC logLik
185.3367 189.7009 -88.66837
Random effects:
Formula: ~1 | individual
(Intercept) Residual
StdDev: 0.001909919 12.18199
Fixed effects: neutral ~ treatment
Value Std.Error DF t-value p-value
(Intercept) 44.09058 4.060663 14 10.857976 0.0000
treatmentTransplant 1.80350 5.136377 14 0.351122 0.7307
Correlation:
(Intr)
treatmentTransplant -0.791
Standardized Within-Group Residuals:
Min Q1 Med Q3 Max
-2.66610957 -0.48314823 -0.03902932 0.62479438 2.02597978
Number of Observations: 24
Number of Groups: 9 Phylogenetic
Model_phylo <- lme(fixed = phylogenetic ~ treatment, data = alpha_div_meta,
random = ~ 1 | individual)
summary(Model_phylo)Linear mixed-effects model fit by REML
Data: alpha_div_meta
AIC BIC logLik
80.98805 85.35222 -36.49402
Random effects:
Formula: ~1 | individual
(Intercept) Residual
StdDev: 0.7250943 0.9664077
Fixed effects: phylogenetic ~ treatment
Value Std.Error DF t-value p-value
(Intercept) 6.496242 0.4027276 14 16.130609 0.0000
treatmentTransplant -0.581429 0.4143087 14 -1.403373 0.1823
Correlation:
(Intr)
treatmentTransplant -0.622
Standardized Within-Group Residuals:
Min Q1 Med Q3 Max
-2.329601943 -0.568031685 -0.001998197 0.552071283 1.528979022
Number of Observations: 24
Number of Groups: 9 4.6.2 Beta diversity
Richness
richness <- as.matrix(beta_q0n$S)
richness <- as.dist(richness[rownames(richness) %in% samples_to_keep,
colnames(richness) %in% samples_to_keep])
betadisper(richness, subset_meta$treatment) %>% permutest(.)
Permutation test for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions
Permutation: free
Number of permutations: 999
Response: Distances
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F N.Perm Pr(>F)
Groups 1 0.00836 0.0083600 1.4409 999 0.269
Residuals 22 0.12764 0.0058019 adonis2(richness ~ treatment,
data = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(sample,labels(richness))),
permutations = 999,
strata = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(Tube_code,labels(richness))) %>% pull(individual)) %>%
broom::tidy() %>%
tt()| term | df | SumOfSqs | R2 | statistic | p.value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | 1 | 0.2657351 | 0.06396199 | 1.503319 | 0.118 |
| Residual | 22 | 3.8888430 | 0.93603801 | NA | NA |
| Total | 23 | 4.1545781 | 1.00000000 | NA | NA |
Neutral
neutral <- as.matrix(beta_q1n$S)
neutral <- as.dist(neutral[rownames(neutral) %in% samples_to_keep,
colnames(neutral) %in% samples_to_keep])
betadisper(neutral, subset_meta$treatment) %>% permutest(.)
Permutation test for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions
Permutation: free
Number of permutations: 999
Response: Distances
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F N.Perm Pr(>F)
Groups 1 0.000661 0.0006614 0.0736 999 0.808
Residuals 22 0.197804 0.0089911 adonis2(neutral ~ treatment,
data = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(sample,labels(neutral))),
permutations = 999,
strata = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(Tube_code,labels(neutral))) %>% pull(individual)) %>%
broom::tidy() %>%
tt()| term | df | SumOfSqs | R2 | statistic | p.value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | 1 | 0.3164816 | 0.07596593 | 1.808646 | 0.083 |
| Residual | 22 | 3.8496178 | 0.92403407 | NA | NA |
| Total | 23 | 4.1660995 | 1.00000000 | NA | NA |
neutral %>%
vegan::metaMDS(., trymax = 500, k = 2, trace=0) %>%
vegan::scores() %>%
as_tibble(., rownames = "sample") %>%
dplyr::left_join(subset_meta, by = join_by(sample == sample)) %>%
group_by(treatment) %>%
mutate(x_cen = mean(NMDS1, na.rm = TRUE)) %>%
mutate(y_cen = mean(NMDS2, na.rm = TRUE)) %>%
ungroup() %>%
ggplot(aes(x = NMDS1, y = NMDS2, color = treatment)) +
geom_point(size = 4) +
# scale_color_manual(values = treatment_colors,labels=c("Cold_wet" = "Cold wet", "Hot_dry" = "Hot dry")) +
geom_segment(aes(x = x_cen, y = y_cen, xend = NMDS1, yend = NMDS2), alpha = 0.9, show.legend = FALSE) +
theme(
axis.title = element_text(size = 12, face = "bold"),
axis.text = element_text(size = 10),
panel.background = element_blank(),
axis.line = element_line(size = 0.5, linetype = "solid", colour = "black"),
legend.text = element_text(size = 10),
legend.title = element_text(size = 12),
legend.position = "right", legend.box = "vertical"
)
Phylogenetic
phylo <- as.matrix(beta_q1p$S)
phylo <- as.dist(phylo[rownames(phylo) %in% samples_to_keep,
colnames(phylo) %in% samples_to_keep])
betadisper(phylo, subset_meta$treatment) %>% permutest(.)
Permutation test for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions
Permutation: free
Number of permutations: 999
Response: Distances
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F N.Perm Pr(>F)
Groups 1 0.00204 0.0020405 0.2622 999 0.704
Residuals 22 0.17118 0.0077807 adonis2(phylo ~ treatment,
data = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(sample,labels(phylo))),
permutations = 999,
strata = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(Tube_code,labels(phylo))) %>% pull(individual)) %>%
broom::tidy() %>%
tt()| term | df | SumOfSqs | R2 | statistic | p.value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | 1 | 0.0412056 | 0.056244 | 1.31111 | 0.227 |
| Residual | 22 | 0.6914166 | 0.943756 | NA | NA |
| Total | 23 | 0.7326222 | 1.000000 | NA | NA |
phylo %>%
vegan::metaMDS(., trymax = 500, k = 2, trace=0) %>%
vegan::scores() %>%
as_tibble(., rownames = "sample") %>%
dplyr::left_join(subset_meta, by = join_by(sample == sample)) %>%
group_by(treatment) %>%
mutate(x_cen = mean(NMDS1, na.rm = TRUE)) %>%
mutate(y_cen = mean(NMDS2, na.rm = TRUE)) %>%
ungroup() %>%
ggplot(aes(x = NMDS1, y = NMDS2, color = treatment)) +
geom_point(size = 4) +
geom_segment(aes(x = x_cen, y = y_cen, xend = NMDS1, yend = NMDS2), alpha = 0.9, show.legend = FALSE) +
theme(
axis.title = element_text(size = 12, face = "bold"),
axis.text = element_text(size = 10),
panel.background = element_blank(),
axis.line = element_line(size = 0.5, linetype = "solid", colour = "black"),
legend.text = element_text(size = 10),
legend.title = element_text(size = 12),
legend.position = "right", legend.box = "vertical"
)
4.7 Is the donor sample microbiota different to recipient microbiota?
samples_to_keep <- sample_metadata %>%
filter(type == "Treatment" & treatment %in% c("Acclimation", "Transplant")) %>%
select(sample) %>%
pull()
subset_meta <- sample_metadata %>%
filter(type == "Treatment" & treatment %in% c("Acclimation", "Transplant"))4.7.1 Alpha diversity
sample_metadata <- sample_metadata %>%
mutate(treatment=case_when(
treatment %in% c("Transplant1", "Transplant2") ~ "Transplant",
TRUE ~ treatment
))
alpha_div_meta <- alpha_div %>%
left_join(sample_metadata, by = join_by(sample == sample))%>%
filter(type == "Treatment" & treatment %in% c("Acclimation","Transplant"))alpha_div %>%
pivot_longer(-sample, names_to = "metric", values_to = "value") %>%
left_join(., sample_metadata, by = "sample") %>%
mutate(metric=factor(metric,levels=c("richness","neutral","phylogenetic"))) %>%
filter(type == "Treatment" & treatment %in% c("Acclimation", "Transplant")) %>%
ggplot(aes(y = value, x = treatment, color=treatment, fill=treatment)) +
geom_jitter(width = 0.2, show.legend = FALSE) +
geom_boxplot(width = 0.5, alpha=0.5, outlier.shape = NA, show.legend = FALSE) +
scale_color_manual(values=treatment_colors)+
scale_fill_manual(values=treatment_colors) +
facet_wrap(. ~ metric, scales = "free") +
theme_classic() +
theme(
strip.background = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor.x = element_line(size = .1, color = "grey"),
axis.title.x = element_blank(),
axis.title.y = element_text(size=10),
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1),
# Increase plot size
plot.title = element_text(size = 10),
axis.text = element_text(size = 8),
axis.title = element_text(size = 8)
) +
ylab("Alpha diversity")
Richness
Modelq0GLMMNB <- glmer.nb(richness ~ time_point+(1|individual), data = alpha_div_meta)
summary(Modelq0GLMMNB)Generalized linear mixed model fit by maximum likelihood (Laplace Approximation) ['glmerMod']
Family: Negative Binomial(6.5468) ( log )
Formula: richness ~ time_point + (1 | individual)
Data: alpha_div_meta
AIC BIC logLik deviance df.resid
221.1 226.6 -105.6 211.1 17
Scaled residuals:
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-1.9657 -0.5696 0.1043 0.5578 1.2251
Random effects:
Groups Name Variance Std.Dev.
individual (Intercept) 4.688e-12 2.165e-06
Number of obs: 22, groups: individual, 9
Fixed effects:
Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 3.8067 0.1394 27.301 < 2e-16 ***
time_pointTransplant1 0.7956 0.2066 3.851 0.000118 ***
time_pointTransplant2 0.8893 0.2155 4.127 3.67e-05 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Correlation of Fixed Effects:
(Intr) tm_pT1
tm_pntTrns1 -0.675
tm_pntTrns2 -0.647 0.437
optimizer (Nelder_Mead) convergence code: 0 (OK)
boundary (singular) fit: see help('isSingular')$emmeans
time_point emmean SE df asymp.LCL asymp.UCL
Acclimation 3.81 0.139 Inf 3.53 4.08
Transplant1 4.60 0.152 Inf 4.30 4.90
Transplant2 4.70 0.164 Inf 4.37 5.02
Results are given on the log (not the response) scale.
Confidence level used: 0.95
$contrasts
contrast estimate SE df z.ratio p.value
Acclimation - Transplant1 -0.7956 0.207 Inf -3.851 0.0003
Acclimation - Transplant2 -0.8893 0.215 Inf -4.127 0.0001
Transplant1 - Transplant2 -0.0936 0.224 Inf -0.418 0.9083
Results are given on the log (not the response) scale.
P value adjustment: tukey method for comparing a family of 3 estimates Neutral
Model_neutral <- lme(fixed = neutral ~ time_point, data = alpha_div_meta,
random = ~ 1 | individual)
summary(Model_neutral)Linear mixed-effects model fit by REML
Data: alpha_div_meta
AIC BIC logLik
164.8923 169.6144 -77.44613
Random effects:
Formula: ~1 | individual
(Intercept) Residual
StdDev: 4.615625 11.39098
Fixed effects: neutral ~ time_point
Value Std.Error DF t-value p-value
(Intercept) 17.31015 4.096860 11 4.225224 0.0014
time_pointTransplant1 25.57767 5.790892 11 4.416879 0.0010
time_pointTransplant2 32.41010 6.083229 11 5.327778 0.0002
Correlation:
(Intr) tm_pT1
time_pointTransplant1 -0.608
time_pointTransplant2 -0.578 0.426
Standardized Within-Group Residuals:
Min Q1 Med Q3 Max
-2.21937399 -0.53764773 0.08095672 0.58946091 1.48158276
Number of Observations: 22
Number of Groups: 9 Phylogenetic
Model_phylo <- lme(fixed = phylogenetic ~ time_point, data = alpha_div_meta,
random = ~ 1 | individual)
summary(Model_phylo)Linear mixed-effects model fit by REML
Data: alpha_div_meta
AIC BIC logLik
82.23931 86.9615 -36.11965
Random effects:
Formula: ~1 | individual
(Intercept) Residual
StdDev: 0.8338315 1.180605
Fixed effects: phylogenetic ~ time_point
Value Std.Error DF t-value p-value
(Intercept) 5.515026 0.4817910 11 11.446928 0.0000
time_pointTransplant1 0.201736 0.6072186 11 0.332230 0.7460
time_pointTransplant2 0.226173 0.6404589 11 0.353142 0.7307
Correlation:
(Intr) tm_pT1
time_pointTransplant1 -0.529
time_pointTransplant2 -0.502 0.436
Standardized Within-Group Residuals:
Min Q1 Med Q3 Max
-2.34035811 -0.43258725 -0.08049281 0.52082148 1.58368872
Number of Observations: 22
Number of Groups: 9 4.7.2 Beta diversity
Richness
richness <- as.matrix(beta_q0n$S)
richness <- as.dist(richness[rownames(richness) %in% samples_to_keep,
colnames(richness) %in% samples_to_keep])
betadisper(richness, subset_meta$treatment) %>% permutest(.)
Permutation test for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions
Permutation: free
Number of permutations: 999
Response: Distances
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F N.Perm Pr(>F)
Groups 1 0.12795 0.127946 13.179 999 0.003 **
Residuals 20 0.19416 0.009708
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1adonis2(richness ~ treatment,
data = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(sample,labels(richness))),
permutations = 999,
strata = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(Tube_code,labels(richness))) %>% pull(individual)) %>%
broom::tidy() %>%
tt()| term | df | SumOfSqs | R2 | statistic | p.value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | 1 | 1.777815 | 0.2760196 | 7.625059 | 0.001 |
| Residual | 20 | 4.663086 | 0.7239804 | NA | NA |
| Total | 21 | 6.440902 | 1.0000000 | NA | NA |
Neutral
neutral <- as.matrix(beta_q1n$S)
neutral <- as.dist(neutral[rownames(neutral) %in% samples_to_keep,
colnames(neutral) %in% samples_to_keep])
betadisper(neutral, subset_meta$treatment) %>% permutest(.)
Permutation test for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions
Permutation: free
Number of permutations: 999
Response: Distances
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F N.Perm Pr(>F)
Groups 1 0.071502 0.071502 5.4967 999 0.023 *
Residuals 20 0.260166 0.013008
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1adonis2(neutral ~ treatment,
data = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(sample,labels(neutral))),
permutations = 999,
strata = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(Tube_code,labels(neutral))) %>% pull(individual)) %>%
broom::tidy() %>%
tt()| term | df | SumOfSqs | R2 | statistic | p.value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | 1 | 2.112572 | 0.3210813 | 9.458609 | 0.002 |
| Residual | 20 | 4.466983 | 0.6789187 | NA | NA |
| Total | 21 | 6.579556 | 1.0000000 | NA | NA |
Phylogenetic
phylo <- as.matrix(beta_q1p$S)
phylo <- as.dist(phylo[rownames(phylo) %in% samples_to_keep,
colnames(phylo) %in% samples_to_keep])
betadisper(phylo, subset_meta$treatment) %>% permutest(.)
Permutation test for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions
Permutation: free
Number of permutations: 999
Response: Distances
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F N.Perm Pr(>F)
Groups 1 0.04731 0.047307 2.6157 999 0.129
Residuals 20 0.36172 0.018086 adonis2(phylo ~ treatment,
data = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(sample,labels(phylo))),
permutations = 999,
strata = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(Tube_code,labels(phylo))) %>% pull(individual)) %>%
broom::tidy() %>%
tt()| term | df | SumOfSqs | R2 | statistic | p.value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | 1 | 0.3778248 | 0.239656 | 6.303884 | 0.002 |
| Residual | 20 | 1.1987049 | 0.760344 | NA | NA |
| Total | 21 | 1.5765298 | 1.000000 | NA | NA |
4.8 Does FMT change the microbial community over time?
alpha_div_meta <- alpha_div %>%
left_join(sample_metadata, by = join_by(sample == sample))%>%
filter(type == "Treatment" & treatment %in% c("FMT1","FMT2") ) 4.8.1 Alpha diversity
alpha_div %>%
pivot_longer(-sample, names_to = "metric", values_to = "value") %>%
left_join(., sample_metadata, by = "sample") %>%
mutate(metric=factor(metric,levels=c("richness","neutral", "phylogenetic"))) %>%
filter(metric!="phylogenetic") %>%
filter(type=="Treatment" & treatment %in% c("FMT1", "FMT2" )) %>%
ggplot(aes(y = value, x = treatment, color=treatment, fill=treatment)) +
geom_jitter(width = 0.2, show.legend = FALSE) +
geom_boxplot(width = 0.5, alpha=0.5, outlier.shape = NA, show.legend = FALSE) +
scale_color_manual(values=treatment_colors)+
scale_fill_manual(values=treatment_colors) +
facet_wrap(. ~ metric, scales = "free") +
theme_classic() +
theme(
strip.background = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor.x = element_line(size = .1, color = "grey"),
axis.title.x = element_blank(),
axis.title.y = element_text(size=10),
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1),
plot.title = element_text(size = 10),
axis.text = element_text(size = 8),
axis.title = element_text(size = 8)
) +
ylab("Alpha diversity")
Richness
Modelq0GLMMNB <- glmer.nb(richness ~ treatment+(1|individual), data = alpha_div_meta)
summary(Modelq0GLMMNB)Generalized linear mixed model fit by maximum likelihood (Laplace Approximation) ['glmerMod']
Family: Negative Binomial(4.3876) ( log )
Formula: richness ~ treatment + (1 | individual)
Data: alpha_div_meta
AIC BIC logLik deviance df.resid
171.0 174.3 -81.5 163.0 13
Scaled residuals:
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-1.73495 -0.71265 -0.07086 0.40744 1.88240
Random effects:
Groups Name Variance Std.Dev.
individual (Intercept) 1.073e-11 3.275e-06
Number of obs: 17, groups: individual, 9
Fixed effects:
Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 3.9343 0.1759 22.369 <2e-16 ***
treatmentFMT2 0.4052 0.2402 1.687 0.0917 .
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Correlation of Fixed Effects:
(Intr)
tretmntFMT2 -0.732
optimizer (Nelder_Mead) convergence code: 0 (OK)
boundary (singular) fit: see help('isSingular')$emmeans
treatment emmean SE df asymp.LCL asymp.UCL
FMT1 3.93 0.176 Inf 3.59 4.28
FMT2 4.34 0.164 Inf 4.02 4.66
Results are given on the log (not the response) scale.
Confidence level used: 0.95
$contrasts
contrast estimate SE df z.ratio p.value
FMT1 - FMT2 -0.405 0.24 Inf -1.687 0.0917
Results are given on the log (not the response) scale. Neutral
Model_neutral <- lme(fixed = neutral ~ treatment, data = alpha_div_meta,
random = ~ 1 | individual)
summary(Model_neutral)Linear mixed-effects model fit by REML
Data: alpha_div_meta
AIC BIC logLik
128.7946 131.6268 -60.3973
Random effects:
Formula: ~1 | individual
(Intercept) Residual
StdDev: 3.497472 11.25384
Fixed effects: neutral ~ treatment
Value Std.Error DF t-value p-value
(Intercept) 24.65947 4.164756 8 5.920988 0.0004
treatmentFMT2 14.87494 5.482531 7 2.713151 0.0301
Correlation:
(Intr)
treatmentFMT2 -0.7
Standardized Within-Group Residuals:
Min Q1 Med Q3 Max
-1.76462324 -0.55701822 -0.04763167 0.55267587 1.30333436
Number of Observations: 17
Number of Groups: 9 Phylogenetic
Model_phylo <- lme(fixed = phylogenetic ~ treatment, data = alpha_div_meta,
random = ~ 1 | individual)
summary(Model_phylo)Linear mixed-effects model fit by REML
Data: alpha_div_meta
AIC BIC logLik
56.26492 59.09712 -24.13246
Random effects:
Formula: ~1 | individual
(Intercept) Residual
StdDev: 0.7000124 0.8410939
Fixed effects: phylogenetic ~ treatment
Value Std.Error DF t-value p-value
(Intercept) 4.171152 0.3832714 8 10.883024 0.0000
treatmentFMT2 0.919088 0.4135879 7 2.222231 0.0617
Correlation:
(Intr)
treatmentFMT2 -0.583
Standardized Within-Group Residuals:
Min Q1 Med Q3 Max
-1.1363964 -0.5779309 -0.1467688 0.4809911 2.3362210
Number of Observations: 17
Number of Groups: 9 4.8.2 Beta diversity
samples_to_keep <- sample_metadata %>%
filter(type == "Treatment" & treatment %in% c("FMT1", "FMT2")) %>%
select(sample) %>%
pull()
subset_meta <- sample_metadata %>%
filter(type == "Treatment" & treatment %in% c("FMT1", "FMT2"))Richness
richness <- as.matrix(beta_q0n$S)
richness <- as.dist(richness[rownames(richness) %in% samples_to_keep,
colnames(richness) %in% samples_to_keep])
betadisper(richness, subset_meta$treatment) %>% permutest(.)
Permutation test for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions
Permutation: free
Number of permutations: 999
Response: Distances
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F N.Perm Pr(>F)
Groups 1 0.017610 0.017610 2.8225 999 0.123
Residuals 15 0.093585 0.006239 adonis2(richness ~ treatment,
data = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(sample,labels(richness))),
permutations = 999,
strata = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(sample,labels(richness))) %>% pull(individual)) %>%
broom::tidy() %>%
tt()| term | df | SumOfSqs | R2 | statistic | p.value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | 1 | 0.3560084 | 0.07968734 | 1.298809 | 0.00390625 |
| Residual | 15 | 4.1115570 | 0.92031266 | NA | NA |
| Total | 16 | 4.4675655 | 1.00000000 | NA | NA |
Neutral
neutral <- as.matrix(beta_q1n$S)
neutral <- as.dist(neutral[rownames(neutral) %in% samples_to_keep,
colnames(neutral) %in% samples_to_keep])
betadisper(neutral, subset_meta$treatment) %>% permutest(.)
Permutation test for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions
Permutation: free
Number of permutations: 999
Response: Distances
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F N.Perm Pr(>F)
Groups 1 0.009828 0.0098278 0.7113 999 0.404
Residuals 15 0.207263 0.0138175 adonis2(neutral ~ treatment,
data = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(sample,labels(neutral))),
permutations = 999,
strata = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(sample,labels(neutral))) %>% pull(individual)) %>%
broom::tidy() %>%
tt()| term | df | SumOfSqs | R2 | statistic | p.value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | 1 | 0.3149954 | 0.08110541 | 1.323962 | 0.00390625 |
| Residual | 15 | 3.5687823 | 0.91889459 | NA | NA |
| Total | 16 | 3.8837776 | 1.00000000 | NA | NA |
Phylogenetic
phylo <- as.matrix(beta_q1p$S)
phylo <- as.dist(phylo[rownames(phylo) %in% samples_to_keep,
colnames(phylo) %in% samples_to_keep])
betadisper(phylo, subset_meta$treatment) %>% permutest(.)
Permutation test for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions
Permutation: free
Number of permutations: 999
Response: Distances
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F N.Perm Pr(>F)
Groups 1 0.010955 0.010955 0.6602 999 0.542
Residuals 15 0.248892 0.016593 adonis2(phylo ~ treatment,
data = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(sample,labels(phylo))),
permutations = 999,
strata = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(sample,labels(phylo))) %>% pull(individual)) %>%
broom::tidy() %>%
tt()| term | df | SumOfSqs | R2 | statistic | p.value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | 1 | 0.06391536 | 0.09449338 | 1.565312 | 0.0703125 |
| Residual | 15 | 0.61248501 | 0.90550662 | NA | NA |
| Total | 16 | 0.67640037 | 1.00000000 | NA | NA |
4.9 Do FMT change the microbial community compared to antibiotics and acclimation?
alpha_div_meta <- alpha_div %>%
left_join(sample_metadata, by = join_by(sample == sample))%>%
filter(type == "Treatment" & treatment %in% c("Antibiotics", "Acclimation","FMT1") ) 4.9.1 Alpha diversity
alpha_div %>%
pivot_longer(-sample, names_to = "metric", values_to = "value") %>%
left_join(., sample_metadata, by = "sample") %>%
mutate(metric=factor(metric,levels=c("richness","neutral", "phylogenetic"))) %>%
filter(metric!="neutral")%>%
filter(type=="Treatment" & treatment %in% c( "Antibiotics","Acclimation", "FMT1")) %>%
ggplot(aes(y = value, x = treatment, color=treatment, fill=treatment)) +
geom_jitter(width = 0.2, show.legend = FALSE) +
geom_boxplot(width = 0.5, alpha=0.5, outlier.shape = NA, show.legend = FALSE) +
# scale_color_manual(values=treatment_colors)+
# scale_fill_manual(values=treatment_colors) +
facet_wrap(. ~ metric, scales = "free") +
theme_classic() +
theme(
strip.background = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor.x = element_line(size = .1, color = "grey"),
axis.title.x = element_blank(),
axis.title.y = element_text(size=10),
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1),
plot.title = element_text(size = 10),
axis.text = element_text(size = 8),
axis.title = element_text(size = 8)
) +
ylab("Alpha diversity")
Richness: Problems to calculate
Modelq0GLMMNB <- glmer.nb(richness ~ treatment+(1|individual), data = alpha_div_meta)
summary(Modelq0GLMMNB)
emmeans::emmeans(Modelq0GLMMNB, pairwise ~ treatment)Neutral
Model_neutral <- lme(fixed = neutral ~ treatment, data = alpha_div_meta,
random = ~ 1 | individual)
summary(Model_neutral)Linear mixed-effects model fit by REML
Data: alpha_div_meta
AIC BIC logLik
173.0404 178.263 -81.5202
Random effects:
Formula: ~1 | individual
(Intercept) Residual
StdDev: 4.263247 9.322271
Fixed effects: neutral ~ treatment
Value Std.Error DF t-value p-value
(Intercept) 17.310151 3.416951 13 5.065963 0.0002
treatmentAntibiotics -8.868175 4.744329 13 -1.869216 0.0843
treatmentFMT1 7.289358 4.552796 13 1.601073 0.1334
Correlation:
(Intr) trtmnA
treatmentAntibiotics -0.596
treatmentFMT1 -0.621 0.457
Standardized Within-Group Residuals:
Min Q1 Med Q3 Max
-1.93185401 -0.56384573 -0.04015247 0.47657219 1.55593252
Number of Observations: 24
Number of Groups: 9 $emmeans
treatment emmean SE df lower.CL upper.CL
Acclimation 17.31 3.42 8 9.431 25.2
Antibiotics 8.44 3.86 8 -0.451 17.3
FMT1 24.60 3.62 8 16.256 32.9
Degrees-of-freedom method: containment
Confidence level used: 0.95
$contrasts
contrast estimate SE df t.ratio p.value
Acclimation - Antibiotics 8.87 4.74 13 1.869 0.1868
Acclimation - FMT1 -7.29 4.55 13 -1.601 0.2800
Antibiotics - FMT1 -16.16 4.85 13 -3.333 0.0139
Degrees-of-freedom method: containment
P value adjustment: tukey method for comparing a family of 3 estimates Phylogenetic
Model_phylo <- lme(fixed = phylogenetic ~ treatment, data = alpha_div_meta,
random = ~ 1 | individual)
summary(Model_phylo)Linear mixed-effects model fit by REML
Data: alpha_div_meta
AIC BIC logLik
93.06845 98.29106 -41.53422
Random effects:
Formula: ~1 | individual
(Intercept) Residual
StdDev: 0.5550293 1.414341
Fixed effects: phylogenetic ~ treatment
Value Std.Error DF t-value p-value
(Intercept) 5.515026 0.5064492 13 10.889593 0.0000
treatmentAntibiotics -1.206905 0.7182905 13 -1.680247 0.1168
treatmentFMT1 -1.361586 0.6899383 13 -1.973490 0.0701
Correlation:
(Intr) trtmnA
treatmentAntibiotics -0.611
treatmentFMT1 -0.636 0.456
Standardized Within-Group Residuals:
Min Q1 Med Q3 Max
-2.001111616 -0.444289520 0.007864473 0.386082526 1.973255643
Number of Observations: 24
Number of Groups: 9 $emmeans
treatment emmean SE df lower.CL upper.CL
Acclimation 5.52 0.506 8 4.35 6.68
Antibiotics 4.31 0.573 8 2.99 5.63
FMT1 4.15 0.537 8 2.92 5.39
Degrees-of-freedom method: containment
Confidence level used: 0.95
$contrasts
contrast estimate SE df t.ratio p.value
Acclimation - Antibiotics 1.207 0.718 13 1.680 0.2494
Acclimation - FMT1 1.362 0.690 13 1.973 0.1581
Antibiotics - FMT1 0.155 0.735 13 0.210 0.9759
Degrees-of-freedom method: containment
P value adjustment: tukey method for comparing a family of 3 estimates 4.9.2 Beta diversity
samples_to_keep <- sample_metadata %>%
filter(type == "Treatment" & treatment %in% c("Acclimation", "Antibiotics", "Post-FMT1")) %>%
select(sample) %>%
pull()
subset_meta <- sample_metadata %>%
filter(type == "Treatment" & treatment %in% c("Acclimation", "Antibiotics", "Post-FMT1"))Richness
richness <- as.matrix(beta_q0n$S)
richness <- as.dist(richness[rownames(richness) %in% samples_to_keep,
colnames(richness) %in% samples_to_keep])
betadisper(richness, subset_meta$treatment) %>% permutest(.)
Permutation test for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions
Permutation: free
Number of permutations: 999
Response: Distances
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F N.Perm Pr(>F)
Groups 1 0.008328 0.0083277 1.2753 999 0.29
Residuals 14 0.091419 0.0065300 adonis2(richness ~ treatment,
data = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(sample,labels(richness))),
permutations = 999,
strata = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(sample,labels(richness))) %>% pull(individual)) %>%
broom::tidy() %>%
tt()| term | df | SumOfSqs | R2 | statistic | p.value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | 1 | 0.8287871 | 0.1407734 | 2.293722 | 0.0078125 |
| Residual | 14 | 5.0585993 | 0.8592266 | NA | NA |
| Total | 15 | 5.8873864 | 1.0000000 | NA | NA |
pairs Df SumsOfSqs F.Model R2 p.value p.adjusted sig
1 Acclimation vs Antibiotics 1 0.8287871 2.293722 0.1407734 0.005 0.005 *Neutral
neutral <- as.matrix(beta_q1n$S)
neutral <- as.dist(neutral[rownames(neutral) %in% samples_to_keep,
colnames(neutral) %in% samples_to_keep])
betadisper(neutral, subset_meta$treatment) %>% permutest(.)
Permutation test for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions
Permutation: free
Number of permutations: 999
Response: Distances
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F N.Perm Pr(>F)
Groups 1 0.005446 0.0054462 0.3949 999 0.534
Residuals 14 0.193060 0.0137900 adonis2(neutral ~ treatment,
data = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(sample,labels(neutral))),
permutations = 999,
strata = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(sample,labels(neutral))) %>% pull(individual)) %>%
broom::tidy() %>%
tt()| term | df | SumOfSqs | R2 | statistic | p.value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | 1 | 0.8814932 | 0.1640316 | 2.747044 | 0.0078125 |
| Residual | 14 | 4.4924309 | 0.8359684 | NA | NA |
| Total | 15 | 5.3739241 | 1.0000000 | NA | NA |
pairs Df SumsOfSqs F.Model R2 p.value p.adjusted sig
1 Acclimation vs Antibiotics 1 0.8814932 2.747044 0.1640316 0.004 0.004 *Phylogenetic
phylo <- as.matrix(beta_q1p$S)
phylo <- as.dist(phylo[rownames(phylo) %in% samples_to_keep,
colnames(phylo) %in% samples_to_keep])
betadisper(phylo, subset_meta$treatment) %>% permutest(.)
Permutation test for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions
Permutation: free
Number of permutations: 999
Response: Distances
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F N.Perm Pr(>F)
Groups 1 0.07055 0.070551 2.4964 999 0.141
Residuals 14 0.39565 0.028260 adonis2(phylo ~ treatment,
data = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(sample,labels(phylo))),
permutations = 999,
strata = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(sample,labels(phylo))) %>% pull(individual)) %>%
broom::tidy() %>%
tt()| term | df | SumOfSqs | R2 | statistic | p.value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | 1 | 0.6885926 | 0.2679674 | 5.124832 | 0.015625 |
| Residual | 14 | 1.8810952 | 0.7320326 | NA | NA |
| Total | 15 | 2.5696878 | 1.0000000 | NA | NA |
pairs Df SumsOfSqs F.Model R2 p.value p.adjusted sig
1 Acclimation vs Antibiotics 1 0.6885926 5.124832 0.2679674 0.004 0.004 *4.10 Is the gut microbiota similar to the donor after FMT?
sample_metadata <- sample_metadata %>%
mutate(treatment=case_when(
treatment %in% c("FMT1", "FMT2") ~ "FMT",
TRUE ~ treatment
))
samples_to_keep <- sample_metadata %>%
filter(type == "Treatment" & treatment %in% c("FMT", "Transplant")) %>%
select(sample) %>%
pull()
subset_meta <- sample_metadata %>%
filter(type == "Treatment" & treatment %in% c("FMT", "Transplant"))4.10.1 Alpha diversity
alpha_div %>%
pivot_longer(-sample, names_to = "metric", values_to = "value") %>%
left_join(., sample_metadata, by = "sample") %>%
mutate(metric=factor(metric,levels=c("neutral","richness","phylogenetic"))) %>%
filter(type=="Treatment" & treatment %in% c( "Transplant", "FMT")) %>%
ggplot(aes(y = value, x = treatment, color=treatment, fill=treatment)) +
geom_jitter(width = 0.2, show.legend = FALSE) +
geom_boxplot(width = 0.5, alpha=0.5, outlier.shape = NA, show.legend = FALSE) +
# scale_color_manual(values=treatment_colors)+
# scale_fill_manual(values=treatment_colors) +
facet_wrap(. ~ metric, scales = "free") +
theme_classic() +
theme(
strip.background = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor.x = element_line(size = .1, color = "grey"),
axis.title.x = element_blank(),
axis.title.y = element_text(size=10),
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1),
plot.title = element_text(size = 10),
axis.text = element_text(size = 8),
axis.title = element_text(size = 8)
) +
ylab("Alpha diversity")
Richness
Modelq0GLMMNB <- glmer.nb(richness ~ treatment+(1|individual), data = alpha_div_meta)
summary(Modelq0GLMMNB)
emmeans::emmeans(Modelq0GLMMNB, pairwise ~ treatment)Neutral
Model_neutral <- lme(fixed = neutral ~ treatment, data = alpha_div_meta,
random = ~ 1 | individual)
summary(Model_neutral)Linear mixed-effects model fit by REML
Data: alpha_div_meta
AIC BIC logLik
173.0404 178.263 -81.5202
Random effects:
Formula: ~1 | individual
(Intercept) Residual
StdDev: 4.263247 9.322271
Fixed effects: neutral ~ treatment
Value Std.Error DF t-value p-value
(Intercept) 17.310151 3.416951 13 5.065963 0.0002
treatmentAntibiotics -8.868175 4.744329 13 -1.869216 0.0843
treatmentFMT1 7.289358 4.552796 13 1.601073 0.1334
Correlation:
(Intr) trtmnA
treatmentAntibiotics -0.596
treatmentFMT1 -0.621 0.457
Standardized Within-Group Residuals:
Min Q1 Med Q3 Max
-1.93185401 -0.56384573 -0.04015247 0.47657219 1.55593252
Number of Observations: 24
Number of Groups: 9 Phylogenetic
Model_phylo <- lme(fixed = phylogenetic ~ treatment, data = alpha_div_meta,
random = ~ 1 | individual)
summary(Model_phylo)Linear mixed-effects model fit by REML
Data: alpha_div_meta
AIC BIC logLik
93.06845 98.29106 -41.53422
Random effects:
Formula: ~1 | individual
(Intercept) Residual
StdDev: 0.5550293 1.414341
Fixed effects: phylogenetic ~ treatment
Value Std.Error DF t-value p-value
(Intercept) 5.515026 0.5064492 13 10.889593 0.0000
treatmentAntibiotics -1.206905 0.7182905 13 -1.680247 0.1168
treatmentFMT1 -1.361586 0.6899383 13 -1.973490 0.0701
Correlation:
(Intr) trtmnA
treatmentAntibiotics -0.611
treatmentFMT1 -0.636 0.456
Standardized Within-Group Residuals:
Min Q1 Med Q3 Max
-2.001111616 -0.444289520 0.007864473 0.386082526 1.973255643
Number of Observations: 24
Number of Groups: 9 4.10.2 Beta diversity
Richness
richness <- as.matrix(beta_q0n$S)
richness <- as.dist(richness[rownames(richness) %in% samples_to_keep,
colnames(richness) %in% samples_to_keep])
betadisper(richness, subset_meta$treatment) %>% permutest(.)
Permutation test for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions
Permutation: free
Number of permutations: 999
Response: Distances
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F N.Perm Pr(>F)
Groups 1 0.11100 0.111002 11.752 999 0.001 ***
Residuals 28 0.26447 0.009445
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1adonis2(richness ~ treatment,
data = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(sample,labels(richness))),
permutations = 999,
strata = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(sample,labels(richness))) %>% pull(individual)) %>%
broom::tidy() %>%
tt()| term | df | SumOfSqs | R2 | statistic | p.value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | 1 | 1.184578 | 0.1548451 | 5.13002 | 0.001 |
| Residual | 28 | 6.465508 | 0.8451549 | NA | NA |
| Total | 29 | 7.650086 | 1.0000000 | NA | NA |
Neutral
neutral <- as.matrix(beta_q1n$S)
neutral <- as.dist(neutral[rownames(neutral) %in% samples_to_keep,
colnames(neutral) %in% samples_to_keep])
betadisper(neutral, subset_meta$treatment) %>% permutest(.)
Permutation test for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions
Permutation: free
Number of permutations: 999
Response: Distances
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F N.Perm Pr(>F)
Groups 1 0.04408 0.044082 3.1744 999 0.088 .
Residuals 28 0.38883 0.013887
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1adonis2(neutral ~ treatment,
data = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(sample,labels(neutral))),
permutations = 999,
strata = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(sample,labels(neutral))) %>% pull(individual)) %>%
broom::tidy() %>%
tt()| term | df | SumOfSqs | R2 | statistic | p.value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | 1 | 1.147077 | 0.1608783 | 5.368223 | 0.001 |
| Residual | 28 | 5.983012 | 0.8391217 | NA | NA |
| Total | 29 | 7.130089 | 1.0000000 | NA | NA |
neutral %>%
vegan::metaMDS(., trymax = 500, k = 2, trace=0) %>%
vegan::scores() %>%
as_tibble(., rownames = "sample") %>%
dplyr::left_join(subset_meta, by = join_by(sample == sample)) %>%
group_by(treatment) %>%
mutate(x_cen = mean(NMDS1, na.rm = TRUE)) %>%
mutate(y_cen = mean(NMDS2, na.rm = TRUE)) %>%
ungroup() %>%
ggplot(aes(x = NMDS1, y = NMDS2, color = treatment)) +
geom_point(size = 4) +
# scale_color_manual(values = treatment_colors) +
geom_segment(aes(x = x_cen, y = y_cen, xend = NMDS1, yend = NMDS2), alpha = 0.9, show.legend = FALSE) +
theme(
axis.title = element_text(size = 12, face = "bold"),
axis.text = element_text(size = 10),
panel.background = element_blank(),
axis.line = element_line(size = 0.5, linetype = "solid", colour = "black"),
legend.text = element_text(size = 10),
legend.title = element_text(size = 12),
legend.position = "right", legend.box = "vertical"
)
Phylogenetic
phylo <- as.matrix(beta_q1p$S)
phylo <- as.dist(phylo[rownames(phylo) %in% samples_to_keep,
colnames(phylo) %in% samples_to_keep])
betadisper(phylo, subset_meta$treatment) %>% permutest(.)
Permutation test for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions
Permutation: free
Number of permutations: 999
Response: Distances
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F N.Perm Pr(>F)
Groups 1 0.00007 0.0000689 0.0044 999 0.954
Residuals 28 0.43637 0.0155847 adonis2(phylo ~ treatment,
data = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(sample,labels(phylo))),
permutations = 999,
strata = subset_meta %>% arrange(match(sample,labels(phylo))) %>% pull(individual)) %>%
broom::tidy() %>%
tt()| term | df | SumOfSqs | R2 | statistic | p.value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | 1 | 0.1298187 | 0.1018776 | 3.17615 | 0.003 |
| Residual | 28 | 1.1444432 | 0.8981224 | NA | NA |
| Total | 29 | 1.2742619 | 1.0000000 | NA | NA |
4.10.3 Structural zeros
FMT_samples <- sample_metadata %>%
filter(type == "Treatment" & treatment == "FMT") %>%
dplyr::select(sample) %>%
pull()
Transplant_samples <- sample_metadata %>%
filter(type == "Treatment" & treatment =="Transplant") %>%
dplyr::select(sample) %>% pull()
structural_zeros <- genome_counts_filt %>%
select(one_of(c("genome",subset_meta$sample))) %>%
filter(rowSums(across(where(is.numeric), ~ . != 0)) > 0) %>%
select(genome, where(~ is.numeric(.) && sum(.) > 0)) %>%
rowwise() %>% #compute for each row (genome)
mutate(all_zeros_FMT = all(c_across(all_of(FMT_samples)) == 0)) %>%
mutate(all_zeros_Transplant = all(c_across(all_of(Transplant_samples)) == 0)) %>%
mutate(average_FMT = mean(c_across(all_of(FMT_samples)), na.rm = TRUE)) %>%
mutate(average_Transplant = mean(c_across(all_of(Transplant_samples)), na.rm = TRUE)) %>%
filter(all_zeros_FMT == TRUE || all_zeros_Transplant==TRUE) %>%
mutate(present = case_when(
all_zeros_FMT & !all_zeros_Transplant ~ "Transplant",
!all_zeros_FMT & all_zeros_Transplant ~ "FMT",
!all_zeros_FMT & !all_zeros_Transplant ~ "None",
TRUE ~ NA_character_
)) %>%
mutate(average = ifelse(present == "FMT", average_FMT, average_Transplant)) %>%
dplyr::select(genome, present, average) %>%
left_join(genome_metadata, by=join_by(genome==genome)) %>%
arrange(present,-average)Structural zeros in each group
fmt <- structural_zeros %>%
filter(present=="FMT") %>%
count(phylum, name = "FMT") %>%
arrange(desc(FMT))
fmt_f <- structural_zeros %>%
filter(present=="FMT") %>%
count(family, name = "FMT") %>%
arrange(desc(FMT)) structural_zeros %>%
filter(present=="Transplant") %>%
count(phylum, name = "Transplant") %>%
arrange(desc(Transplant)) %>%
full_join(.,fmt, by="phylum" ) %>%
mutate(across(everything(), ~ replace_na(., 0))) %>%
as.data.frame() %>%
summarise(across(where(is.numeric), ~ sum(.x, na.rm = TRUE))) Transplant FMT
1 52 55Phyla to which the structural zeros belong in each group
structural_zeros %>%
filter(present=="Transplant") %>%
count(phylum, name = "Transplant") %>%
arrange(desc(Transplant)) %>%
full_join(.,fmt, by="phylum" ) %>%
mutate(across(everything(), ~ replace_na(., 0))) %>%
tt()| phylum | Transplant | FMT |
|---|---|---|
| p__Bacillota_A | 20 | 21 |
| p__Bacillota | 16 | 10 |
| p__Pseudomonadota | 6 | 11 |
| p__Bacteroidota | 3 | 6 |
| p__Desulfobacterota | 2 | 2 |
| p__Bacillota_B | 1 | 0 |
| p__Chlamydiota | 1 | 0 |
| p__Cyanobacteriota | 1 | 0 |
| p__Fusobacteriota | 1 | 0 |
| p__Verrucomicrobiota | 1 | 2 |
| p__Actinomycetota | 0 | 1 |
| p__Bacillota_C | 0 | 1 |
| p__Campylobacterota | 0 | 1 |
Families to which the structural zeros belong in each group
structural_zeros %>%
filter(present=="Transplant") %>%
count(family, name = "Transplant") %>%
arrange(desc(Transplant)) %>%
full_join(.,fmt_f, by="family" ) %>%
mutate(across(everything(), ~ replace_na(., 0))) %>%
tt()| family | Transplant | FMT |
|---|---|---|
| f__Lachnospiraceae | 7 | 9 |
| f__Erysipelotrichaceae | 6 | 5 |
| f__UBA660 | 6 | 0 |
| f__Enterobacteriaceae | 5 | 2 |
| f__CAG-508 | 3 | 0 |
| f__Ruminococcaceae | 3 | 3 |
| f__Anaerovoracaceae | 2 | 0 |
| f__Coprobacillaceae | 2 | 0 |
| f__Desulfovibrionaceae | 2 | 2 |
| f__Oscillospiraceae | 2 | 1 |
| f__Tannerellaceae | 2 | 1 |
| f__UBA1242 | 2 | 0 |
| f__ | 1 | 3 |
| f__Akkermansiaceae | 1 | 0 |
| f__CAG-239 | 1 | 2 |
| f__Chlamydiaceae | 1 | 0 |
| f__Enterococcaceae | 1 | 3 |
| f__Fusobacteriaceae | 1 | 0 |
| f__Gastranaerophilaceae | 1 | 0 |
| f__Marinifilaceae | 1 | 0 |
| f__Mycoplasmoidaceae | 1 | 1 |
| f__Peptococcaceae | 1 | 0 |
| f__Anaerotignaceae | 0 | 2 |
| f__Bacteroidaceae | 0 | 2 |
| f__LL51 | 0 | 2 |
| f__UBA3700 | 0 | 2 |
| f__Acutalibacteraceae | 0 | 1 |
| f__Arcobacteraceae | 0 | 1 |
| f__CAG-274 | 0 | 1 |
| f__CALVMC01 | 0 | 1 |
| f__Devosiaceae | 0 | 1 |
| f__Mycobacteriaceae | 0 | 1 |
| f__Pumilibacteraceae | 0 | 1 |
| f__RUG11792 | 0 | 1 |
| f__Rhizobiaceae | 0 | 1 |
| f__Rikenellaceae | 0 | 1 |
| f__Sphingobacteriaceae | 0 | 1 |
| f__Streptococcaceae | 0 | 1 |
| f__UBA1997 | 0 | 1 |
| f__UBA3830 | 0 | 1 |
| f__Weeksellaceae | 0 | 1 |
4.10.3.1 Functional capacities of the structural zeros
#Aggregate bundle-level GIFTs into the compound level
GIFTs_elements <- to.elements(genome_gifts,GIFT_db)
GIFTs_elements_filtered <- GIFTs_elements[rownames(GIFTs_elements) %in% structural_zeros$genome,]
GIFTs_elements_filtered <- as.data.frame(GIFTs_elements_filtered) %>%
select_if(~ !is.numeric(.) || sum(.) != 0)
#Aggregate element-level GIFTs into the function level
GIFTs_functions <- to.functions(GIFTs_elements_filtered,GIFT_db)
#Aggregate function-level GIFTs into overall Biosynthesis, Degradation and Structural GIFTs
GIFTs_domains <- to.domains(GIFTs_functions,GIFT_db)
sample_sub <- sample_metadata %>%
mutate(treatment=case_when(
treatment %in% c("Post-FMT1", "Post-FMT2") ~ "FMT",
TRUE ~ treatment
))%>%
filter(type == "Treatment" & treatment %in% c("FMT", "Transplant"))
genome_counts_row <- genome_counts_filt %>%
mutate_at(vars(-genome),~./sum(.)) %>%
filter(genome %in% structural_zeros$genome) %>%
select(one_of(c("genome",sample_sub$sample))) %>%
filter(rowSums(across(where(is.numeric), ~ . != 0)) > 0) %>%
select(genome, where(~ is.numeric(.) && sum(.) > 0)) %>%
column_to_rownames(., "genome")
GIFTs_elements_community <- to.community(GIFTs_elements_filtered,genome_counts_row,GIFT_db)
GIFTs_functions_community <- to.community(GIFTs_functions,genome_counts_row,GIFT_db)
GIFTs_domains_community <- to.community(GIFTs_domains,genome_counts_row,GIFT_db)element_gift <- GIFTs_elements_community %>%
as.data.frame() %>%
rownames_to_column(., "sample") %>%
left_join(., sample_metadata[c(12,13)], by=join_by("sample"=="sample"))uniqueGIFT_db<- unique(GIFT_db[c(2,4,5,6)]) %>% unite("Function",Function:Element, sep= "_", remove=FALSE)
significant_elements <- element_gift %>%
pivot_longer(-c(sample,treatment), names_to = "trait", values_to = "value") %>%
group_by(trait) %>%
summarise(p_value = wilcox.test(value ~ treatment)$p.value) %>%
mutate(p_adjust=p.adjust(p_value, method="BH")) %>%
filter(p_adjust < 0.05)%>%
rownames_to_column(., "Elements") %>%
left_join(.,uniqueGIFT_db[c(1,3)],by = join_by(trait == Code_element))
element_gift_t <- element_gift %>%
t() %>%
row_to_names(row_number = 1) %>%
as.data.frame() %>%
mutate_if(is.character, as.numeric) %>%
rownames_to_column(., "trait")
element_gift_filt <- subset(element_gift_t, trait %in% significant_elements$trait) %>%
t() %>%
row_to_names(row_number = 1) %>%
as.data.frame() %>%
mutate_if(is.character, as.numeric) %>%
rownames_to_column(., "sample")%>%
left_join(., sample_metadata[c(12,13)], by = join_by(sample == sample))
difference_table <- element_gift_filt %>%
select(-sample) %>%
group_by(treatment) %>%
summarise(across(everything(), mean)) %>%
t() %>%
row_to_names(row_number = 1) %>%
as.data.frame() %>%
mutate_if(is.character, as.numeric) %>%
rownames_to_column(., "Elements") %>%
left_join(.,uniqueGIFT_db[c(1,3,4)],by = join_by(Elements == Code_element)) %>%
arrange(Function) %>%
mutate(Difference=FMT-Transplant)%>%
mutate(group_color = ifelse(Difference <0, "Transplant","FMT")) difference_table %>%
ggplot(aes(x=forcats::fct_reorder(Function,Difference), y=Difference, fill=group_color)) +
geom_col() +
# geom_point(size=4) +
scale_fill_manual(values=treatment_colors) +
geom_hline(yintercept=0) +
coord_flip()+
theme(axis.text = element_text(size = 10),
axis.title = element_text(size = 12),
legend.position = "right",
panel.background = element_blank(),
panel.grid.major = element_line(size = 0.15, linetype = 'solid',
colour = "grey"))+
xlab("Microbial Functional Capacity") +
ylab("Mean difference")+
labs(fill="Elevation")
4.10.4 Differential abundance analysis: composition
phylo_samples <- sample_metadata %>%
mutate(treatment=case_when(
treatment %in% c("FMT1", "FMT2") ~ "FMT",
TRUE ~ treatment
))%>%
filter(type == "Treatment" & treatment %in% c("FMT", "Transplant")) %>%
column_to_rownames("sample") %>%
sample_data()
phylo_genome <- genome_counts_filt %>%
filter(!genome %in% structural_zeros$genome) %>%
select(one_of(c("genome",rownames(phylo_samples)))) %>%
filter(rowSums(across(where(is.numeric), ~ . != 0)) > 0) %>%
select(genome, where(~ is.numeric(.) && sum(.) > 0)) %>%
column_to_rownames("genome") %>%
otu_table(., taxa_are_rows = TRUE)
phylo_taxonomy <- genome_metadata %>%
filter(genome %in% rownames(phylo_genome)) %>%
column_to_rownames("genome") %>%
dplyr::select(domain,phylum,class,order,family,genus,species) %>%
as.matrix() %>%
tax_table()
physeq_genome_filtered <- phyloseq(phylo_genome, phylo_taxonomy, phylo_samples)ancom_rand_output = ancombc2(data = physeq_genome_filtered,
assay_name = "counts",
tax_level = NULL,
fix_formula = "treatment",
p_adj_method = "holm",
pseudo_sens = TRUE,
prv_cut =0,
lib_cut = 0,
s0_perc = 0.05,
group = NULL,
struc_zero = FALSE,
neg_lb = FALSE,
alpha = 0.05,
n_cl = 2,
verbose = TRUE,
global = FALSE,
pairwise = FALSE,
dunnet = FALSE,
trend = FALSE,
iter_control = list(tol = 1e-5, max_iter = 20, verbose = FALSE),
em_control = list(tol = 1e-5, max_iter = 100),
lme_control = lme4::lmerControl(),
mdfdr_control = list(fwer_ctrl_method = "holm", B = 100),
trend_control = NULL)taxonomy <- data.frame(physeq_genome_filtered@tax_table) %>%
rownames_to_column(., "taxon") %>%
mutate_at(vars(order, phylum, family, genus, species), ~ str_replace(., "[dpcofgs]__", ""))
ancombc_rand_table_mag <- ancom_rand_output$res %>%
dplyr::select(taxon, lfc_treatmentTransplant, p_treatmentTransplant) %>%
filter(p_treatmentTransplant < 0.05) %>%
dplyr::arrange(p_treatmentTransplant) %>%
merge(., taxonomy, by="taxon") %>%
mutate_at(vars(phylum, species), ~ str_replace(., "[dpcofgs]__", ""))%>%
dplyr::arrange(lfc_treatmentTransplant)
colors_alphabetic <- read_tsv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/earthhologenome/EHI_taxonomy_colour/main/ehi_phylum_colors.tsv") %>%
mutate_at(vars(phylum), ~ str_replace(., "[dpcofgs]__", "")) %>%
right_join(taxonomy, by=join_by(phylum == phylum)) %>%
dplyr::select(phylum, colors) %>%
mutate(colors = str_c(colors, "80")) %>% #add 80% alpha
unique() %>%
dplyr::arrange(phylum)
tax_table <- as.data.frame(unique(ancombc_rand_table_mag$phylum))
colnames(tax_table)[1] <- "phylum"
tax_color <- merge(tax_table, colors_alphabetic, by="phylum")%>%
dplyr::arrange(phylum) %>%
dplyr::select(colors) %>%
pull()Differential abundance MAGs in each group
fmt_count <- ancombc_rand_table_mag %>%
filter(lfc_treatmentTransplant<0) %>%
count(phylum, name = "FMT") %>%
arrange(desc(FMT))
ancombc_rand_table_mag %>%
filter(lfc_treatmentTransplant>0) %>%
count(phylum, name = "Transplant") %>%
arrange(desc(Transplant)) %>%
full_join(.,fmt_count, by="phylum")%>%
mutate(across(where(is.numeric), ~ replace_na(., 0))) phylum Transplant FMT
1 Bacteroidota 13 5
2 Bacillota_A 4 17
3 Bacillota 3 1
4 Campylobacterota 1 1
5 Desulfobacterota 1 2
6 Spirochaetota 1 0
7 Pseudomonadota 0 5
8 Cyanobacteriota 0 2
9 Bacillota_B 0 1
10 Bacillota_C 0 1ancombc_rand_table_mag %>%
filter(lfc_treatmentTransplant>0) %>%
count(phylum, name = "Transplant") %>%
arrange(desc(Transplant)) %>%
full_join(.,fmt_count, by="phylum")%>%
mutate(across(where(is.numeric), ~ replace_na(., 0))) %>%
as.data.frame() %>%
summarise(across(where(is.numeric), ~ sum(.x, na.rm = TRUE))) Transplant FMT
1 23 35ancombc_rand_table_mag%>%
mutate(genome=factor(taxon,levels=ancombc_rand_table_mag$taxon)) %>%
ggplot(., aes(x=lfc_treatmentTransplant, y=forcats::fct_reorder(genome,lfc_treatmentTransplant), fill=phylum)) + #forcats::fct_rev()
geom_col() +
scale_fill_manual(values=tax_color) +
geom_hline(yintercept=0) +
# coord_flip()+
theme(panel.background = element_blank(),
axis.line = element_line(size = 0.5, linetype = "solid", colour = "black"),
axis.text.x = element_text(size = 12),
axis.text.y = element_text(size = 8),
axis.title = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold"),
legend.text = element_text(size = 12),
legend.title = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold"),
legend.position = "right", legend.box = "vertical")+
xlab("log2FoldChange") +
ylab("Species")+
guides(fill=guide_legend(title="Phylum"))
4.10.5 Differences in the functional capacities
GIFTs_elements <- to.elements(genome_gifts,GIFT_db)
GIFTs_elements_filtered <- GIFTs_elements[rownames(GIFTs_elements) %in% genome_counts_filt$genome,]
GIFTs_elements_filtered <- as.data.frame(GIFTs_elements_filtered) %>%
select_if(~ !is.numeric(.) || sum(.) != 0)
GIFTs_functions <- to.functions(GIFTs_elements_filtered,GIFT_db)
GIFTs_domains <- to.domains(GIFTs_functions,GIFT_db)
sample_sub <- sample_metadata %>%
mutate(treatment=case_when(
treatment %in% c("Post-FMT1", "Post-FMT2") ~ "FMT",
TRUE ~ treatment
))%>%
filter(type == "Treatment" & treatment %in% c("FMT", "Transplant"))
genome_counts_row <- genome_counts_filt %>%
mutate_at(vars(-genome),~./sum(.)) %>%
select(one_of(c("genome",sample_sub$sample))) %>%
column_to_rownames(., "genome")
GIFTs_elements_community <- to.community(GIFTs_elements_filtered,genome_counts_row,GIFT_db)
GIFTs_functions_community <- to.community(GIFTs_functions,genome_counts_row,GIFT_db)
GIFTs_domains_community <- to.community(GIFTs_domains,genome_counts_row,GIFT_db)4.10.5.1 Community elements differences:
MCI
GIFTs_elements_community %>%
rowMeans() %>%
as_tibble(., rownames = "sample") %>%
left_join(sample_metadata, by = join_by(sample == sample)) %>%
group_by(treatment) %>%
summarise(MCI = mean(value), sd = sd(value))# A tibble: 2 × 3
treatment MCI sd
<chr> <dbl> <dbl>
1 FMT 0.359 0.0259
2 Transplant 0.356 0.0432MCI <- GIFTs_elements_community %>%
rowMeans() %>%
as_tibble(., rownames = "sample") %>%
left_join(sample_metadata, by = join_by(sample == sample))
shapiro.test(MCI$value)
Shapiro-Wilk normality test
data: MCI$value
W = 0.94871, p-value = 0.1561
Wilcoxon rank sum exact test
data: value by treatment
W = 128, p-value = 0.4826
alternative hypothesis: true location shift is not equal to 0element_gift <- GIFTs_elements_community %>%
as.data.frame() %>%
rownames_to_column(., "sample") %>%
left_join(., sample_metadata[c(12,13)], by=join_by("sample"=="sample"))uniqueGIFT_db<- unique(GIFT_db[c(2,4,5,6)]) %>% unite("Function",Function:Element, sep= "_", remove=FALSE)
significant_elements <- element_gift %>%
pivot_longer(-c(sample,treatment), names_to = "trait", values_to = "value") %>%
group_by(trait) %>%
summarise(p_value = wilcox.test(value ~ treatment)$p.value) %>%
mutate(p_adjust=p.adjust(p_value, method="BH")) %>%
filter(p_adjust < 0.05)%>%
rownames_to_column(., "Elements") %>%
left_join(.,uniqueGIFT_db[c(1,3)],by = join_by(trait == Code_element))
element_gift_t <- element_gift %>%
t() %>%
row_to_names(row_number = 1) %>%
as.data.frame() %>%
mutate_if(is.character, as.numeric) %>%
rownames_to_column(., "trait")
element_gift_filt <- subset(element_gift_t, trait %in% significant_elements$trait) %>%
t() %>%
row_to_names(row_number = 1) %>%
as.data.frame() %>%
mutate_if(is.character, as.numeric) %>%
rownames_to_column(., "sample")%>%
left_join(., sample_metadata[c(12,13)], by = join_by(sample == sample))
difference_table <- element_gift_filt %>%
select(-sample) %>%
group_by(treatment) %>%
summarise(across(everything(), mean)) %>%
t() %>%
row_to_names(row_number = 1) %>%
as.data.frame() %>%
mutate_if(is.character, as.numeric) %>%
rownames_to_column(., "Elements") %>%
left_join(.,uniqueGIFT_db[c(1,3,4)],by = join_by(Elements == Code_element)) %>%
arrange(Function) %>%
mutate(Difference=FMT-Transplant)%>%
mutate(group_color = ifelse(Difference <0, "Transplant","FMT")) means_gift <- element_gift_filt %>%
select(-treatment) %>%
pivot_longer(!sample, names_to = "Elements", values_to = "abundance") %>%
left_join(sample_metadata, by=join_by(sample==sample)) %>%
group_by(treatment, Elements) %>%
summarise(mean=mean(abundance))
log_fold <- means_gift %>%
group_by(Elements) %>%
summarise(
logfc_fmt_transplant = log2(mean[treatment == "FMT"] / mean[treatment == "Transplant"])
) %>%
left_join(., difference_table, by="Elements")difference_table %>%
ggplot(aes(x=forcats::fct_reorder(Function,Difference), y=Difference, fill=group_color)) +
geom_col() +
# geom_point(size=4) +
scale_fill_manual(values=treatment_colors) +
geom_hline(yintercept=0) +
coord_flip()+
theme(axis.text = element_text(size = 10),
axis.title = element_text(size = 12),
legend.position = "right",
panel.background = element_blank(),
panel.grid.major = element_line(size = 0.15, linetype = 'solid',
colour = "grey"))+
xlab("Microbial Functional Capacity") +
ylab("Mean difference")+
labs(fill="Treatment")
log_fold %>%
filter(Elements!="D0611") %>%
ggplot(aes(x=forcats::fct_reorder(Function,logfc_fmt_transplant), y=logfc_fmt_transplant, fill=group_color)) +
geom_col() +
scale_fill_manual(values=treatment_colors) +
geom_hline(yintercept=0) +
coord_flip()+
theme(axis.text = element_text(size = 10),
axis.title = element_text(size = 12),
legend.position = "right",
panel.background = element_blank(),
panel.grid.major = element_line(size = 0.15, linetype = 'solid',
colour = "grey"))+
xlab("Microbial Functional Capacity") +
ylab("Log_fold")+
labs(fill="Treatment")
#### Community functions differences
MCI
GIFTs_functions_community %>%
rowMeans() %>%
as_tibble(., rownames = "sample") %>%
left_join(sample_metadata, by = join_by(sample == sample)) %>%
group_by(treatment) %>%
summarise(MCI = mean(value), sd = sd(value))# A tibble: 2 × 3
treatment MCI sd
<chr> <dbl> <dbl>
1 FMT 0.349 0.0221
2 Transplant 0.355 0.0377MCI <- GIFTs_functions_community %>%
rowMeans() %>%
as_tibble(., rownames = "sample") %>%
left_join(sample_metadata, by = join_by(sample == sample))
shapiro.test(MCI$value)
Shapiro-Wilk normality test
data: MCI$value
W = 0.87044, p-value = 0.001713
Wilcoxon rank sum exact test
data: value by treatment
W = 121, p-value = 0.6801
alternative hypothesis: true location shift is not equal to 0function_gift <- GIFTs_functions_community %>%
as.data.frame() %>%
rownames_to_column(., "sample") %>%
merge(., sample_metadata[c(12,13)], by="sample")unique_funct_db<- GIFT_db[c(3,4,5)] %>%
distinct(Code_function, .keep_all = TRUE)
significant_functional <- function_gift %>%
pivot_longer(-c(sample,treatment), names_to = "trait", values_to = "value") %>%
group_by(trait) %>%
summarise(p_value = wilcox.test(value ~ treatment)$p.value) %>%
mutate(p_adjust=p.adjust(p_value, method="BH")) %>%
filter(p_adjust < 0.05)%>%
left_join(.,unique_funct_db[c(1,3)],by = join_by(trait == Code_function))
significant_functional# A tibble: 3 × 4
trait p_value p_adjust Function
<chr> <dbl> <dbl> <chr>
1 B04 0.000220 0.00441 SCFA biosynthesis
2 B10 0.00284 0.0189 Antibiotic biosynthesis
3 S02 0.00174 0.0174 Appendages